The paper presents research results of multilayer systems composed of alternate Cu/Ni layers. The layers thickness obtained by the galvanic treatment was determined by using the transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction method in the grazing incidence diffraction geometry. The surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscope with EDS microanalysis. Observation of the surface topography of systems using the atomic force microscope was also carried out.
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Purpose: In this article the analysis of integrated management system of quality, environment and occupational health and safety was presented. The functioning of such system on the selected enterprise was discussed. Design/methodology/approach: The new standards of PN-EN ISO 9001:2015, PN-EN ISO 14001:2015 were presented. Also, the occupational health and safety management system according to the new ISO 45001 standard was shown. The necessity of the management systems integration was presented. Findings: In this paper the changes in PN-EN ISO 9001:2015, PN-EN ISO 14001:2015 were presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the integrated management system in the selected enterprise were shown. Practical implications: The most important changes in ISO standards for quality, environment and occupational health and safety were presented. There is also significant to show the faults in implementation and operation of the integrated management system, what will protect other organizations before such problems. Originality/value: In this paper indicated that only proper implementation of the integrated management system based on PN-EN ISO 9001, PN-EN ISO 14001 and PN-N-18001 could provide real benefits. Otherwise, it is an unnecessary waste of time and money.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present a modification of a popular occupational risk assessment method named Risk Score. Moreover, occupational risk assessment for the vibration damping test station at the final assembly line of shock absorbers was shown. Design/methodology/approach: The study showed the imperfection of the original Risk Score method. According to the proposed modification of the method the occupational risk assessment at the selected workstation in the production plant was carried out. Findings: The characteristics of the original Risk Score method was presented. The changes in the underlying method were introduced. Next the original Risk Score method with its modification have been compared. Research limitations/implications: In the article the individual steps taking into account the improvements of the original Risk Score method were discussed. The popular Risk Score method compared with its modification on the example of shortened card of the occupational risk assessment at the position. Practical implications: The modified method is more accurate, reliable and effective. That can be observed in the case of risk valuation for the selected threats at the position. Originality/value: The modified Risk Score method significantly improve the whole process of assessment and can be used for the occupational risk assessment at each position.
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Purpose: The paper presents the changes of mechanical properties and the fractures of Co70.5Fe2.5Mn2Mo1Si9B15 metallic glass ribbons after a low-temperature activation process. Design/methodology/approach: The studied alloy was fabricated by continuous casting of the alloy stream on a turning wheel. The plastic properties were determined using the bend test. The investigations of unit cracking energy using the “tearing” test on the testing machine were carried out. The structure testing in transmission electron microscope and the static tensile test on the Instron testing machine were also carried out. Findings: The studies for 5 samples and for 2 ribbon sides were carried out. The highest plasticity occurred after annealing at 200°C for 1 h. The differences of mechanical properties in a function of a cross section of the ribbon were also presented. Practical implications: Despite the occurrence of heterogeneity of properties on the thickness of metallic glass ribbon the essential meaning have the averaging properties of a product which decided about possibility of practical application. Originality/value: In the article there was found that studied samples obtain different plasticity and different value of the yield point in the different bending methods.
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Purpose: The aim of this article is to pay attention on the necessary of protection of the people and devices from the harmful electromagnetic radiation. The special role play the screens (materials or systems) for shielding which have a very diversified construction depending on the frequency of electromagnetic fields. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper a problem of electromagnetic fields shielding was presented. Moreover, the occupational risk assessment at the vacuum sublimation position was showed. Findings: The screening methods and materials used for screens were discussed. The threats occurring at the vacuum sublimation position and the preventive actions decreasing the risk level were presented. Research limitations/implications: The paper presents the one of the methods for screens fabrication – vacuum sublimation in a simple laboratory vacuum sublimation equipment. The structure testing and investigation of thickness of fabricated screen (constructed from four layers: aluminum – polypropylene – aluminum – metallic glass of Metglas type) were carried out. The occupational risk assessment was made by three-stage scale method according to PN-N-18002 standard. Practical implications: The results of microscopic observation of fabricated material system unequivocally reject the vacuum sublimation method using a laboratory vacuum sublimation equipment for the screens fabrication. Originality/value: In the article the different kinds of threats occurring at the vacuum sublimation position were presented. The various preventive actions were proposed.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to present a newly developed methodology for the E-FMEA analysis. The importance and implementation of the FMEA analysis to the effective management of the environment are discussed. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper the concepts of the E-FMEA methodology presented in the literature and proposed by the authors are presented. The developed conception is based on the FMEA method used in the quality management. Findings: The detailed analysis of the quality FMEA is described. A new approach to the E-FMEA analysis is discussed. Research limitations/implications: The paper presents the methodology for the FMEA analysis carrying out in relation to the environmental aspects. Practical implications: The result of the analysis and the developed E-FMEA methodology is a proposal of management tools for the manufacturing processes. The development tool would allow the management of the environmental aspects in the productive process in an efficient manner. The improvement of the environmental management using the developed E-FMEA tool allows to increase in the productive of the process in relation to the requirements of the law, maintaining the machinery and the equipment and their impact on the environmental aspects. Originality/value: The methodology of E-FMEA suggested in the paper is a part of the scope of the eco-management methods dedicated to the manufacturing processes.
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Purpose: In this paper stages of project management taking into consideration many useful tools and methods were presented. The quality management in the project, the risk estimation, costs of the project realization and many others were discussed. The analysis of project management of an element using in an automotive industry was carried out. Design/methodology/approach: In this article classification of the projects was presented. The stages of project management and relations among them were discussed. The special attention was given for selected elements of project management in a selected enterprise. Findings: The team formation, tasks of a manager and a leader of the analyzed project were shown. The methods of quality control in the project and process of the risk management were presented. Moreover methods of time management and costs planning of the project were discussed. Research limitations/implications: Many undertakings cannot be realized without earlier plans. It is very important in case of big projects. The correct planning and a proper project management bring many advantages for organizations. Practical implications: Very often project management is separated only in a planning stage what doesn’t bring an expected effect. To prevent this it is necessary to creation of tools containing necessary conceptual, planning, implementation and control actions. Originality/value: In this paper indicated that the analyzed project was proper managed. Following stages of the project were carried out carefully. In this project many modern methods of project management were used. These methods eliminate threats which can lead to errors in the project realization.
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Purpose: In this paper an evaluation of the most important components of human resources management (HRM) which have a significant impact on increasing of the competitiveness of the company was presented. The procedure of employment and qualification of employees, training, evaluation and dismissal of workers were showed. Design/methodology/approach: The implementation of the employees remuneration and motivation systems in the organization were proposed. Resulting of this action will be the work efficiency improvement, staff mobilizing to achieve the setting objectives, and assurance that employees by adequate motivation and remuneration, will be react for the customer needs in desirable manner. Findings: The supplement of HRM system in the organization about two missing elements will ensure improvement of the quality of work carried out and the awareness of the employees for the manner of their remuneration and motivating. Research limitations/implications: As a result of searching and implementation of improvements, the organization makes more attractive, both among the customers and the candidates for the job. Both groups are looking for a reliable partner for cooperation, therefore the implementation of such important elements of HRM as motivation and remuneration systems, increases the interest of the customers in organization and makes it an interesting place to work, even for very demanding employee. Practical implications: Evaluation of HRM showed that in order to fully usage of the potential of the company, one should complete the HRM process for additional activities such as remuneration and motivating of the employees. They will have a positive impact on the functioning of the organization and the quality of work of the employed employees. Originality/value: All activities constituting the process of human resources management in the enterprise have a positive impact on the development of the company, so it’s important to search of continuous improvements that could make more efficient its functioning.
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Purpose: In this article a problem of project management (PM) was presented. There was special attention given to objectives, scope of the project and project costs. Moreover, an analysis of project management in chosen organisation was made. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology of project management was shown. A problematic areas of project management (project quality, project risk, time and costs in a project) were discussed. Chosen stages of PM were practically checked in a selected organisation. Findings: In this paper an example of projects classification was presented. The features of project plan were proposed. The necessity of carrying out audits was presented. In the article a threats analysis and a time control were shown. Research limitations/implications: The fundamental purpose of a project management is to achieve success with a proposed budget and schedule. In this case quality, cost and time are the main parameters of the project, significant for the project realisation and evaluation of project results. Practical implications: In the paper practical directions of project planning, realisation and termination were presented. This makes possible minimization of project failures and a positive effect in a project realisation. Originality/value: The analysed PM process in the organisation allowed to know modern project management tools and techniques from a practical side. The realised project was finished with success because a working team had knowledge and experience in the project management.
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Purpose: The paper presents a stress relaxation process of Co69Mo2Fe4Si14B11 metallic glass and properties changes in a temperature range up to 300 ºC after annealing from 1 to 16 hours (in case of plasticity and stress relaxation researches) and 2 hours (for the magnetic properties investigations). Design/methodology/approach: The plastic properties of the studied material were determined using the bend test, applied for metallic glasses. The investigations of magnetic properties were carried out using the Ferrometer measurement system. For the higher frequencies the Remacomp C-100 system was used, allowing determination of the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic cores. Stress relaxation investigations in metallic glasses by a bending test were carried out. Findings: The influence of thermal activation on the properties changes of Co-based metallic glass was determined after annealing from temperature of 150 to 300°C. After the heat treatment carried out the best magnetic properties were obtained for the sample annealed for 2 hours at 150°C. The increase of the magnetic field frequencies causes a significant deterioration of the material magnetic properties. High plasticity the metallic glass ribbons have to 200°C during annealing to 16 hours. Increasing the annealing temperature causes brittleness of the material. Distinct relaxation processes are observed at higher temperatures and annealing times. Research limitations/implications: Metallic glasses after heat treatment become brittle, which reduces the possibility of using these materials, and often impossible to change their geometric form. Therefore, the heat treatment of metallic glasses must be carried out after the final forming of the geometry of shaped, cores, etc., or in conditions not leading to embrittlement of the material. Practical implications: Usage of metallic glasses is possible only in a narrow range of temperatures which does not lead to significant changes of properties or after proper heat treatment carried out in the aim of specified physical properties obtaining. The important is prediction of alloy properties changes during temperature changes and material using. Originality/value: In the article influence of low-temperature thermal activation processes, which was conducted up to 16 hours, on the stress relaxation and significant changes of magnetic properties of cobalt-based metallic glass were presented.
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Purpose: The article includes characteristic of the extrusion moulding as the most popular method of the plastics processing industry. Statistical analysis and a test of explanation of cause of so-called foam collapsing in the chosen productive enterprise were presented. Six Sigma method was used to the problem solution. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper a detailed plan for implementation of Six Sigma quality management conception in order to eliminate the collapsing effect of polyethylene foam during its cutting was showed. The detailing analysis of the polyethylene foam aging cycle (degassing) was carried out. Next the appropriate measures and procedures to eliminate collapsing foam effect were implementation. Findings: Six Sigma leads to an effective improvement of the financial results of the enterprise by controlling and planning of a course of work to minimize waste formation and raw materials consumption. These actions make possible a greater customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications: In these investigations was established that a decisive influence on the quality of polyethylene foam had the first five days of the seasoning. The proper weather conditions assure obtainment of the product meeting the basic qualitative standards. It was also found that the polyethylene foam rolls which were cut directly after production they were less subject to the process of shrinkage than the rolls cut after several days since the moment of production. Practical implications: Six Sigma is a well-chosen collection of tools which orientate to the approach to improvement and problems solution in the processes. This results the workings which characterize conscientiousness in the everyday work, maturity in the decision making, responsibility in the tasks realization, consequence in applying suitable tools and effective co-operation in the group. Six Sigma method can be used not only in the production but also in logistics, administration or in services. Originality/value: In the article the result of the project realization is the introduction of the proper actions and procedures which should bring the improvement of the quality of finished products and financial results of the enterprise.
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Purpose: In this paper the occupational risk assessment in the selected work stations in the company which operates in the mining industry was carried out. The legal requirements relating to work safety and occupational risk assessment were showed. Design/methodology/approach: In this article three selected positions in the company were analysed and a comprehensive risk assessment was made for them. Appropriate actions and measures were proposed to reduce identified threats. Findings: The threats analysis at the work stations was carried out. The cards of threats identification were the basis to risk estimation carried out. Moreover the risk acceptability criteria were proposed. Research limitations/implications: The proper risk management in the enterprise assures the safety, financial stabilization and increase of efficiency and consciousness in the range of workers safety. Practical implications: The cards of the risk assessment that were made for three work stations in the analysed organization making possible the introduction of preventive and corrective actions reducing possibility of occurrence of accidents and morbidity of employers on occupational diseases. Originality/value: In this paper indicated that analysed enterprise takes care of own workers safety. After introduction of additional safety agents the occupational risk was reduced from high to low level which requires only preventive actions in the future.
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Purpose: The article examines the concept and the way to meeting the requirements implemented health and safety management system in industrial enterprise like Coking Plant. Based on analysis proposed improvements, which would aim to improve working conditions in the company. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed improvements are designed for specificity of work, production scale and nature of possible threats in the analyzed enterprise. Findings: The analysis showed that health and safety management system is implemented with PN-N 18001. Due to the large number of possible threats that may arise during the processing of coke reported a slight decrease in accidents at work and occupational diseases. It is therefore necessary to implement improvements to the already functioning occupational health and safety management system in the enterprise. Research limitations/implications: The proposed changes to decrease accidents at work, which in will turn enhance the safety of the selected company. Practical implications: Implementation of the improvements will increase the awareness of staff in relation to existing threats. Improvements that were proposed did not require large financial outlays and changes in the organization and working time positions. However, in big companies such as Coking Plant, even the smallest step towards improving safety at work is important and desirable. Originality/value: Continuously improving the health and safety management system to improve working conditions.
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Purpose: In this paper the analysis of influence of heat treatment on the structure and properties of AMM type (Co70.5Fe2.5Mn2Mo1Si9B15) metallic glass was shown. Moreover the discussion of the changes of tensile strength, plasticity, cracking energy, remanence, coercive force, resistivity, crystallization effect and fracture morphology of alloy in “as quenched” state and hold at the temperature range of 100-400°C for 2 hours are presented. Design/methodology/approach: Tensile test and investigation of elementary cracking energy of amorphous ribbon carried out using the testing machine were performed. Plastic properties of examined material was studied by using of transverse bend test. Investigation of magnetic properties with annular method with 50 Hz field frequency was carried out. The alloy electrical resistivity was determined with resistance bridge. Fractography investigation after tensile test was made using scanning microscope. Findings: The investigations showed that for the analysed heat treatment temperature range of 100-400°C significant changes of physical properties, fracture morphology and alloy structure are observed. Research limitations/implications: Usage of metallic glasses is possible only in a narrow range of temperatures which does not lead to significant changes of properties or after proper heat treatment carried out in the aim of specified physical properties obtaining. Practical implications: Usage of metallic glasses depending on control and regulations of alloy properties changes with proper heat treatment. It is important the prediction of alloy properties changes during temperature changes and material using. Originality/value: In the article influence of thermal activation processes on structure changes and significant changes of mechanical and magnetic properties of cobalt-based metallic glass were presented.
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Purpose: The aim of this work is a presentation of the possibility of the sustainable development conception realisation through the sustainable technological processes designing and implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The article includes analysis and estimation of the nickel and chromium coated on the metal elements. In order to modernization of the real process in direction to the sustainable process, the technical solutions which minimise influence on the environment of galvanic treatment process were presented. Findings: The sustainable technological process reduces the achievement of the sustainable development to small area analysis which is the technological process, what makes possible the quantitative estimation (in the internal area of technology). Research limitations/implications: The definition, the model of the sustainable technology and the sustainable development conception are relative and they have not clear character. It means there is no possibility of absolutely the best technology or technological process determination. Because of that we can only design the better process in the comparison with another with regard to adequate criteria. Practical implications: The solution presented in the paper can apply in the industry to estimation and selection of a group of technological processes which characterise different environmental influences. Originality/value: The paper presents search for the sustainable technological processes according to proposed procedure of the sustainable technology design and implementation. Application of the sustainable technological processes in the local scale can leads to the sustainable development conception realisation in the global scale.
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Purpose: In this paper was carried out the analysis of influence of safety culture, connected with implementation Occupational Health and Safety Management System, on safety level in chosen enterprise. The organizational practices necessary for the effective formulation and maintenance of high safety culture were characterized. Design/methodology/approach: The concept of health and safety at work legislation was defined and the idea of safety culture was discussed. Moreover, the necessity of continuous improvement according to PN-N-18001 standard was showed. In this paper was talked over the problem of accidents and occupational diseases among coal miners, who work in a huge and rich in dangers area. Findings: According to continuous improvement principles is the necessity of monitoring work conditions, conducting regular audits and organizing training courses, which lead to developing high safety culture. Practical implications: Developing of the safety culture brings some profits as reducing numbers of heavy and fatal accidents, increasing the number of detect occupational diseases. The enterprise, which developing high safety culture can expect from employees greater caution and respect for rules and instructions bench. Originality/value: The article indicated that the coal mines needs effective actions which should be directed on increase supervision in workplaces and reducing threats causing industrial accidents. The essence of safety culture was presented.
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Purpose: In this paper the analysis of influence of threats on the safety level in plastic processing industry was carried out. The effect of the proper risk management is increase of work safety and psychical comfort of employers. The necessity of threats monitoring and minimization of the occupational risk were showed. Design/methodology/approach: In this article the essence of industrial safety was presented. Identification of threats on the work position and determination of the risk acceptable were talked over. Findings: Methods of the occupational risk analysis, causes of industrial accidents and prevention of occupational disease were presented. The analysis of threats that appearance on the work positions was carried out. Moreover reduction methods of threats and ways of their prevention were showed. Research limitations/implications: According to continuous improvement principle the necessity of supervise actions in direction to improvement of safety culture exist. Practical implications: Applied prophylactic actions minimize possibility of occurrence of accidents in the work position and morbidity of employers on occupational diseases. Properly protected work position results in more effective work. Originality/value: In this paper indicated that presented plastic processing industry fulfills standards in the range of work safety and takes continuous actions in direction to improvement of health and work conditions of workers.
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Purpose: In this article an attention to environmental aspects, especially the necessity of recycling usage in the engineering design was paid. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper characteristic of engineering design and individual stages of this process, tools which designer uses to its realization were presented. Moreover, the factors which should be consider in the designing process were described. Findings: In this article, on the basis of engineering design methodology the ecodesign algorithm in which the principles of recycling were considered was proposed. Research limitations/implications: Design for recycling helps protect the environment and creates a sustainable means for conserving our resources. Recycling it is not only the usage of the secondary resources. It should be the system of materials circulation, consciously usage in the process of products designing which can be many times processed. Practical implications: Ecodesign is a new approach to designing and it depends on identification of the environmental aspects connected with product and consideration them to the designing process already on the early stage of product development. Originality/value: The worked out ecodesign algorithm systematizes workings performed during designing process and shows the meaning of the ecological aspect (necessity of recycling in it) in this process.
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Purpose: In this paper the analysis of influence of management system on safety level in extractive industry was carried out. The effects of the occupational health and safety management system implementation were presented. The necessity of threats monitoring and preventive treatments were showed. Design/methodology/approach: In this article the essence of industrial safety was presented. The problem of occupational risk and the results of threats on the work position were talked over. Moreover, the occupational health and safety management according to PN-N-18001 standard was characterized. Findings: The analysis of enterprise functioning, developed in respect of infrastructure and occurring threats taking into consideration industrial safety after occupational health and safety management system introduced was carried out. Research limitations/implications: According to continuous improvement principle the necessity of supervise actions in direction to improvement of health and work conditions of workers exist. Practical implications: The implementation of the occupational health and safety management system brings profits as reducing of heavy and fatal accidents index. In enterprises observed minimizing of negative health effects caused by industrial accidents. Originality/value: In this paper indicated that present coal-mining needs effective system actions which should be directed on threats reducing causing industrial accidents.
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Purpose: In this article the important role of knowledge management in enterprises was presented. The knowledge and workers skills are the wealth and success source of organizations on the market. Design/methodology/approach: The paper shows definitions and types of knowledge, systems and models of knowledge management and directions of knowledge acquirement and development. Findings: In this article the analysis of role and function of knowledge management in modern enterprise on the basis of workers opinion poll, documentation review and conducted an interview in organization was carried out. Research limitations/implications: Knowledge management in contemporary enterprise is one of the key factors. It decides about its economic success. Because of that continuous learning, improvement and forming of system functioning in organization are the priority of enterprise. Practical implications: implications Nowadays, organisations achieve competitive supremacy through skilful knowledge management. For knowledge it was the strategic attribute to fulfil three properties. It must be: unique, possible for continuous improvement and difficult to fast copying and imitating. Originality/value: In this article it was shown that knowledge management was the important field in organisation management. It is worth taking steps forward to improve information flow, arrange workers for job completion, work conditions and organisation image and efficiency.
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