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Maize root architecture and biomass productivity after application of organic and inorganic additives in contaminated soil

Głąb Tomasz, Jarosz Renata, Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 1

75--87

EN

Both inorganic and organic soil amendments serve as pivotal tools for augmenting crop yield and optimising fertilisation efficacy, while enhancing soil physical and biological characteristics, bolstering carbon sequestration, and remedying soil degradation caused by pollutants and salinity. This study was carried out with the specific objective of discerning the impact of various zeolite composites and their mixtures with lignite or leonardite on maize biomass output. To achieve this aim, the following treatments were applied in a controlled pot experiment: zeolite/carbon and zeolite/vermiculite composites mixed with lignite or leonardite, and a control treatment devoid of any amendments. Subsequent analysis encompassed the root morphometric parameters and maize aboveground production. The lowest productivity was characterised for maize without any fertilisers and amendments. The highest aboveground biomass of maize straw was obtained when only mineral fertilisation was applied. Both aboveground and root biomass were at the same level, notwithstanding the soil amendments, zeolite composites or organic amendments. Root morphological parameters, including root dry matter, root length, root surface area, and volume, were influenced by the addition of zeolite/carbon and zeolite/vermiculite composites with organic component. Our research shows the beneficial effect of the applied additives on some morphological properties of the roots. Zeolite/vermiculite composite application increased root surface area and root volume.

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Compost produced with addition of sewage sludge as a source of Fe and Mn for plant

Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Kopeć Michał, Spałek Iwona

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 2

259--275

EN

Direct application of sewage sludge to soil is controversial due to, among others, its highly variable composition, odour, and risks for health. The obtained composts with the addition of sewage sludge were tested for the contents and availability of manganese and iron. Once composts were applied to the soil, their effect on the content and availability of Mn and Fe in soil and bioaccumulation in the plant were determined. The addition of sewage sludge enriched composts with manganese and iron, but did not increase the content of water-extracted forms of Mn and Fe. The compost with addition of biochar had more organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe. Composts amended with sewage sludge had lower effect on the amount of Poa pratensis L. biomass than maize straw compost. The content of Mn and Fe in Poa pratensis L. was in the range permissible for biomass used as fodder. Smaller addition of all composts to the soil significantly increased the content of mobile manganese forms; however, neither the type nor the dose had effect on the content of iron mobile forms. There was no significant differences in the content of organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe in soil after the application of composts.

3

Recovery of Leachate from Everbearing Strawberry Cultivation as an Element of Retardation

Kopeć Michał, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Gondek Krzysztof, Zaleski Tomasz, Bogdał Stanisław, Bieniasz Monika, Błaszczyk Jan, Kaczmarczyk Elżbieta, Knaga Jarosław, Łapczyńka-Kordon Bogusława, Nawrocki Jacek, Pniak Michał

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

197--203

EN

Due to the scale of leachate formation in soilless crop technologies, water and nutrient management is becoming more and more important and can determine the production efficiency. Closed systems, including recirculation or recovery of leachate from fertilisation, are an opportunity to retard unfavourable nutrients and water, which has become an important element of modern technology and has a significant environmental impact. Re-application of leachate, despite very low concentrations of macroand microelements, must be performed taking into account the properties of the substrate/soil, the requirements of the plant and the dose of leachate. In the case of maize cultivation on two soils, irrigation of the crop with leachate from soilless strawberry production led to the soil salinization. From the point of view of the leachate fertiliser value, the source of water for fertigation and the component concentration in the media, which can cause ion imbalance, remain important.

4

Zastosowanie biowęgla i zeolitu jako adsorbentów zanieczyszczeń mineralnych

Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Gondek Krzysztof, Bajdab Tomasz, Kopeć Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 12

1969--1972

PL

Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania zeolitu syntezowanego z popiołów lotnych oraz biowęgla wyprodukowanego z biomasy roślinnej do stabilizacji Cd, Pb i Zn w glebie zanieczyszczonej solami tych metali. Wykazano, że najbardziej efektywnym adsorbentem Cd, Pb i Zn był biowęgiel, co wynikało ze zmiany właściwości gleby (m.in. wartości pH) oraz specyficznych właściwości sorpcyjnych biowęgla. Zarówno zeolit, jak i biowęgiel wykazywały potencjał w sorbowaniu metali ciężkich z zanieczyszczonej gleby, a stopień ich immobilizacji zależał od rodzaju metalu, jego stężenia w roztworze glebowym oraz ilości i rodzaju zastosowanego adsorbenta.

EN

Zeolite (Z) was synthesized from fly ash obtained as a result of conventional hard coal combustion, and biochar (BC) obtained from biomass. The effect of Z, BC and their mixt. addn. to soil contaminated with Cd (3CdSO4 8H2O), Pb (C4H6O4Pb 3H2O) and Zn (ZnSO4 7H2O) on the immobilization of heavy metals was studied. Z and BC had the potential to sorb heavy metals but the most effective adsorbent for these metals was BC, what resulted from changes in soil properties (redox potential and pH).

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The effect of different forms of sulphur on incidence of apple scab on apple tree (Malus x domestica Borkh) Gloster cv.

Bělíková Hana, Mészáros Martin, Varga Ladislav, Árvay Július, Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara, Gondek Krzysztof, Antonkiewicz Jacek, Torma Stanislav, Lazarević Boris, Bennewitz Eduardo, Lošák Tomáš

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 1

199--208

EN

From 2014 to 2015 the influence of foliar application of sulphur on apple trees (Gloster cv.)was investigated in the apple orchard at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy (North-East Bohemia, Czech Republic). The experiment was based on foliar applications of fertilizers containing different forms of sulphur: elemental S0, sulphate SO4 2− and thiosulphate S2O3 2− (in combination with other macro- and microelements) and fungicides with or without sulphur: Kumulus (S0 + F) and the conventional fungicide programme (F), in the respective treatments. Apple scab incidence on leaves and fruits was investigated in each experimental year according to the relevant methodology of the OEPP/EPPO standard PP1/5(3) Venturia inaequalis. Data on the incidence of apple scab correlate with the process of pathogen life cycle and risk of infection on the given dates. The incidence of apple scab was the lowest in 2014 in treatment S0 + F (10.8 % on leaves, 2.8 % on fruits) and F (15.8 % on leaves, 6 % on fruits) where conventional fungicides were used. When compared with the other treatments these treatments were the most effective even if the incidence of scab in the individual treatments in 2015 increased by 28 to 60 % due to high infection pressure. The results confirmed the efficiency of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) against apple scab incidence on fruits. What is more, the results were slightly better in the treatment, where the conventional fungicide programme was combined with fertilizer containing elemental S (S0 + F) in comparison with fungicides applied alone (F). The effect of the other forms of sulphur (SO4 and S2O3) on apple scab control has not been confirmed. According to the results, the application of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) is more effective against scab incidence than the inorganic forms of sulphur alone.

6

Sewage sludge biochar effects on phosphorus mobility in soil and accumulation in plant

Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Kopeć Michał, Sikora Jakub, Lošák Tomáš, Grzybowski Piotr

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 2

367--381

EN

In the course of analysing sewage sludge biochar (BC) as a material containing phosphorus loads, we determined the following: effect of thermal conversion of three different sewage sludge biochars on the content and availability of P in biochars (BC-1, BC-2 BC-3), effect of their application on selected forms of P in soil and on the accumulation of this component in Poa pratensis L. biomass. Regardless of the type of BC, the contents of P-H2O and P-CaCl2 were lower than the contents determined in unconverted sewage sludge. A significant increase in the content of P-CaCl2 compared to the control was noted in the soil of treatments where 1 and 2 % additions of BC-2 and BC-3 were applied. Soil pH (r = 0.826; p ≤ 0.05) and the content of Ca-exchangeable (r = 0.712; p ≤ 0.05) had the strongest effect on the content of P-CaCl2 in soil; however, no significant relationship was found between the amount of P-introduced with BC, the contents of Al-ox., Fe-ox. and the content of P-CaCl2. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the phosphorus content in plant biomass was noted in all treatments compared to the control. Regardless of the type of biochar applied, the highest amount of P-uptake was determined in treatments where the greatest addition of BC (2 %) was introduced into the soil. A significant relationship between P-uptake and the amount of P-introduced with BC into the soil (r = 0.726; p ≤ 0.05) was demonstrated.