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1
Content available Motion-based consistency audit of onboard Global Navigation Satellite System reference as reported by static Automatic Identification System data
Banyś P., Heymann F., Engler E., Noack T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2015
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nr 44 (116)
49--56
EN
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is widely used for reporting vessel movements and broadcasting additional information related to the current voyage or constant parameters like the IMO number or the overall dimension of the hull. Since dynamic AIS data is shared mostly without human interaction, and is not flawless, the static AIS content edited manually is vulnerable to human error. This work introduces a simple vessel motion pattern approach that determines the probable foredeck/afterdeck location of the GNSS reference used by the AIS transponder, and compares it to the hull parameters obtained from the static AIS data, to find observable errors in the static AIS configuration of the mount point of the GNSS reference antenna.
2
Content available Comparison of AIS-based prediction of the distance at the CPA with factual separation between vessels
Banyś P., Heymann F., Engler E., Noack T.
Annual of Navigation
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2014
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No. 21
5--18
EN
Since its deployment in 2004, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been considered a significant improvement of watchkeeping duties at sea. According to current regulations, AIS has not been recognised as an approved anticollision instrument yet. However, it would be difficult to rule out a possibility that AIS, being an essential part of the onboard SOLAS — compliant configuration, is unaidedly used for collision avoidance tasks. Recent research activities of DLR’s Department of Nautical Systems have shown that AIS transmissions may contain a lot of incomplete data and the system does not have any dependable information on its data integrity. For that reason, the computation of the closest point of approach (CPA) and the time to the CPA (TCPA) are analysed based on AIS data involving multiple vessels, in order to compare the predictions with factual approaches between vessels and to evaluate the usability of AIS data, in its present form, for the appraisal of the traffic situation around each vessel.
PL
System automatycznej identyfikacji (AIS) rozwinął się w 2004 roku i odtąd jest uważany za istotny czynnik poprawiający jakość pełnienia wachty morskiej. W aktualnych regulacjach AIS nie jest uznawany za urządzenie antykolizyjne, jednak trudno nie dostrzec możliwości, jakie ma ten — wedle konwencji SOLAS — zasadniczy element obowiązkowego wyposażenia. Badania prowadzone w Wydziale Systemów Nawigacyjnych DLR wykazały, że informacje przekazywane za pośrednictwem AIS mogą zawierać wiele danych niepełnych, a system nie ma żadnego mechanizmu zapewniającego przesyłanie informacji o wiarygodności tych danych. Dlatego w artykule zaprezentowano obliczenia punktu największego zbliżenia (CPA) oraz czasu do tego punktu (TCPA) na podstawie danych z AIS od różnych statków, by porównać prognozy z faktycznymi manewrami, a następnie ocenić użyteczność danych AIS w obecnej postaci dla szacowania sytuacji kolizyjnych w warunkach rzeczywistych.
3
Content available Timestamp Discrepancies in Multisensor NMEA Environment during Survey Voyage
Banyś P., Engler E., Heymann F., Noack T.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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2013
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nr 36 (108) z. 1
22--26
EN
The standard for interfacing marine electronic devices (NMEA – National Marine Electronics Association), does not provide unambiguous information regarding the reliability of data and its timing. In this paper, time delays in navigational data are investigated. For this purpose AIS and navigational data collected offshore and onshore are used. The investigations are concentrated on lags among various NMEA sentences recorded in a relational database during the survey voyage. The analysis is based on standard elements of descriptive statistics.
4
Content available Radar target detection based on methods of image pattern matching
Tong L., Heymann F., Noack T.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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2013
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nr 36 (108) z. 1
162--167
EN
This paper studies the performance of pattern matching algorithms with the goal of the detection and tracking of vessel targets in maritime radar images. We compare different methods using a database which consists of radar images from two different manufactures. The data covers a timespan of roughly 4 hours with a one second time resolution. The performance of 3 template matching and 5 feature detector algorithms is tested and the most suitable algorithm is chosen for further optimizations. These optimizations are based on the properties of the radar images and the properties of the radar target.
5
Content available Initial Realization of a Sensor Fusion Based Onboard Maritime Integrated PNT Unit
Ziebold R., Dai Z., Lanca L., Noack T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2013
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Vol. 7, no. 1
127--134
EN
This paper introduces the basic concept of the Position Navigation and Timing (PNT) Module as future part of a ship side Integrated Navigation System (INS). Core of the PNT Module is a sensor fusion based processing system (PNT Unit). The paper will focus on important aspects and first results of the initial practical realization of such a PNT Unit, including a realization of a Consistent Common Reference System (CCRS), GNSS/IMU tightly coupled positioning results as well as contingency performance of the inertial sensors.
6
Content available Assessment of AIS vessel position report under the aspect of data reliability
Banyś P., Noack T., Gewies S.
Annual of Navigation
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2012
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No. 19, part 1
5--16
EN
Since its introduction the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has played an important part in improving safety at sea, making bridge watchkeeping duties more comfortable and enhancing vessel traffic management ashore. However the analysis of a AIS data set describing the vessel traffic of the Baltic Sea came to conclusion, that specific parameters with relevance to navigation seemed to be defective or implausible. Essentially, it concerned the true heading (THDG) and the rate of turn (ROT) parameters. With the paper we are trying to clarify, which parameters of the AIS position report and to what extent, are affected. The detailed data analysis gives answers on how reliable the AIS data in different traffic areas is.
7
Content available remote Concept for an Onboard Integrated PNT Unit
Ziebold R., Dai Z., Noack T., Engler E.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2011
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Vol. 5, no. 2
149--156
EN
A robust electronic position, navigation and timing system (PNT) is considered as one of the core elements for the realization of IMO-s (International Maritime Organization) e-Navigation strategy. Ro-bustness can be interpreted as the capability of an integrated PNT system to provide PNT relevant data with the desired accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability under consideration of changing application condi-tions and requirements. Generally an integrated PNT system is a composite of service components – like GNSS, Augmentation Systems and terrestrial Navigation Systems – and an on-board integrated PNT Unit, which uses the available navigation and augmentation signals in combination with additional data of sensors aboard to provide accurate and robust PNT information of the ship. In this paper a concept of such an on-board integrated PNT Unit will be presented, which is designed to fulfill the specific user requirements for civil waterway applications. At first, the user requirements for an integrated PNT Unit will be overviewed. After that, existing integrity monitoring approaches will be analyzed. Finally, a first integration scheme for an integrated PNT Unit will be presented with a special focus on the internal integrity monitoring concept.
8
Content available remote Neuartiges Konzept zur Schweissparameterregelung beim Widerstandspunktschweissen
Baryliszyn P., Janus K., Noack T., Nowacki J.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
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2011
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R. 83, nr 11
21-28
PL
Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu szczeliny między łączonymi blachami ze stali o różnej wytrzymałości w procesie punktowego zgrzewania konwencjonalnego i zgrzewania z zastosowaniem sterowania geometrią zgrzeiny i strefy wpływu ciepła na jakość złączy. Wykazano, że nowy proces zgrzewania punktowego z systemem regulacji geometrii zgrzeiny i strefy wpływu ciepła jest szczególnie korzystny w przypadku łączenia stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości, zwłaszcza przy większej grubości blach.
EN
The analysis of influence of the gap between the joining steel plates of varying strength in the conventional spot welding and spot welding with weld and heat-affected zone geometry control on the welds quality is presented. It is shown that the new spot welding process with the weld and heat affected zone geometry control system is particularly advantageous for high strength steel joining, especially for thick plates.
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