One of the most appropriate solutions to reduce diesel consumption is the use of associated petroleum gas, which inevitably accompanies the oil production process. In the analysis performed, the use of APG significantly reduces greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere.
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Purpose: Bulgaria's accession to the transport system in European Union as well as the strategic geographic location of the country suggests a high level of operational reliability in the rail sector. This paper contains a detailed study aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the Checkpoint Systems implemented by leading railway administrations. Design/methodology/approach: The basic principles of the construction of Checkpoint Systems are examined and the purpose of corresponding regional system for control of the train technical state in motion in Bulgaria is defined. The possibilities for the application of different types of sensors in order to achieve necessary and sufficient features for reliable implementation at a relatively low price were analysed. Findings: A model for values comparison of the most important parameters is proposed. The Recognition System is based on intelligent optical sensors that operate through cameras mounted on certain height which scans the numbers of wagons and after subsequent software image processing it compares them to the numbers from database. Practical implications: Application of these systems increases safe movement of trains and regulates the superintendence between the infrastructure operators and managing infrastructure state institutions. Originality/value: The novelty in this authors’ approach is the use of accelerometer sensors measurements that examines the magnitude of acceleration acquired by the rail under the effect of shock cyclical loads. Thanks to achievements of modern communication and information technologies, the key aspects of creating technical connections are marked. This research indicated the guidelines for the development of a nationwide unified network of diagnostic points which will help the future studies.
In the paper the component parts of the life-cycle costs of powerful feed-pumps of electric stations are described. Difference between lump-sum and fixed costs are shown. Current costs cover considerable part in the costs of complete life-cycle and a part of these costs grows constantly.
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