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Rare-earth and trace elements of the lower Cambrian–Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic succession of NE Gondwana in Jordan : from provenance to metasomatism

Amireh Belal S., Saffarini Ghazi A., Amaireh Mazen N., Jarrar Chaleb H., Abed Abdulkader A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2022

Vol. 92, No. 2

109--158

The present bulk-rock geochemical study aims to answer some questions concerning the distribution and variability of trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) in the lower Cambrian–Lower Cretaceous sandstones and mudstones of NE Gondwana in Jordan. The study proved that the REE and the TE distribution patterns in both detrital and authigenic, light and heavy minerals are controlled principally by the source-rock provenance, followed by an interplay of many factors: chemical weathering, recycling, hydraulic sorting, locally low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism, depositional environment and redox conditions, and diagenesis. On the basis of specific trace elements, trace-element ratios, and petrographic proxies, the provenance is constrained to be mainly felsic-, rarely mafic granitoids of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, and less commonly, recycled Palaeozoic and Mesozoic siliciclastic strata. REEs are hosted mainly in zircon, Ti-bearing minerals, and partly in clay minerals. They were depleted by both chemical weathering and recycling; nevertheless, they were enriched by subsequent hydraulic sorting and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. Chemical weathering initially depleted zirconium. However, this was counteracted by subsequent enrichment through recycling, hydraulic sorting, and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. The fractionation of the other TEs, due to these sedimentological factors during the genesis of subarkosic arenites, quartz arenites and mudstones, is discussed and some conclusions are derived. The Eu negative anomaly was enhanced significantly by recycling and low-temperature, hydrothermal metasomatism. Scandium abundance increased with decreasing grain size from coarse sand to the mud fraction. The recorded REE and TE fractionation might also apply to siliciclastics in similar, geological environments.

Oil Shale Ash as a Substitutional Green Component in Cement Production

Alsafasfeh Ashraf, Alawabdeh Mohammad, Alfuqara Diya, Gougazeh Mousa, Amaireh Mazen N.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2022

Vol. 16, no 4

157--162

The energy crisis is one of the major challenges confronting the cement industry today. Although non-renewable energy sources are becoming scarce, the presence of significant quantities of oil shale indicates its continued use as an energy source in the cement industry. However, significant environmental impacts may occur as a result of the large amount of Oil Shale Ash (OSA). As a result, the researchers are investigating alternative methods for recycling and reusing the OSA in a variety of applications. The purpose of this work was to use OSA as a green substitute component in cement production due to its high calcium oxide (CaO) content, which is the major component of cement clinkers. The chemical composition of OSA and Clinker samples were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). OSA and clinker samples were combined in various ratios and then ground in a ball mill to obtain the desired grain size. The new blended products were prepared and tested at Lafarge factory's laboratories. The results indicated that by adding 10 % of OSA to the Clinker, the mixed product performed better than the reference sample. Additionally, using this percentage of OSA results in a 45 % reduction in the power consumption of the grinding process compared to the reference sample.