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PL
Celem prezentowanych w pracy badań była ocena początkowego tempa wzrostu wybranych odmian trzech gatunków roślin motylkowatych i określenie ich przydatności do szybkiego i skutecznego zadarniania przydrożnych skarp. Badania przeprowadzono na skarpie usytuowanej wzdłuż al. Jana Pawła II w Lublinie. W 5., 10., 15., 20., 25. i 30. dniu od daty siewu wykonano pomiary długości korzeni i wysokości siewek każdej odmiany. Wykazały one, że gatunki roślin motylkowatych różnią się tempem początkowego wzrostu. W każdym terminie pomiaru siewki sparcety siewnej (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) odm. Taja były najwyższe i wyróżniały się najdłuższymi korzeniami, zaś tempo wzrostu siewek koniczyny białej (Trifolium repens L.) odm. Haifa było najwolniejsze.
EN
The study objective was to assess the initial growth rate of selected varieties of 3 leguminous plant species in order to determine their usefulness in the fast and effective turfing of roadside banks. The study was performed on a roadside bank along Jan Paweł II Avenue in Lublin. Root lengths and seedling heights were assessed in each variety on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day after sowing. Leguminous plant species differed in their initial growth rate. On each measurement date, the seedlings of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (cv. Taja) were the tallest and had the longest roots, while the seedlings of Trifolium repens L. (cv. Haifa) showed the slowest growth rate.
PL
W opracowaniu przeprowadzono analizę aktualnych uwarunkowań gospodarowania na trwałych użytkach zielonych w województwie lubelskim w związku z wdrażaniem "Krajowego programu rolnośrodowiskowego", wspierającego rozwój obszarów wiejskich. Podjęto próbę oceny wykorzystania trwałych użytków zielonych (TUZ) w produkcji paszy i ochronie środowiska. Przedstawiono zmiany ogólnej powierzchni TUZ oraz ich udziału w powierzchni użytków rolnych (UR) w województwie lubelskim w okresie 1980-2006. Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu zmian w pogłowiu zwierząt (bydło, owce, konie), a także różnych systemów dopłat bezpośrednich dla rolników do użytkowania łąk i pastwisk, co zostało wprowadzone po przystąpieniu Polski do UE. Zwrócono uwagę na zainteresowanie rolników dopłatami do TUZ w ramach pakietów rolnośrodowiskowych P01 i P02. Wykazano, że procentowy udział TUZ w strukturze UR w północnej części województwa lubelskiego jest większy niż w południowej. Są one użytkowane głównie kośnie. Najwięcej pastwisk występuje w powiatach kraśnickim i lubelskim (odpowiednio 34,4 i 30,6% ogólnej powierzchni TUZ). W wyniku restrukturyzacji polskiego rolnictwa sukcesywnie zmniejszało się pogłowie zwierząt. W 2006 r. było ono mniejsze niż w 1980 r. - bydła ponad dwukrotnie, owiec prawie piętnastokrotnie, a koni sześćdziesięciokrotnie. Od 2003 r. zwiększa się powierzchnia łąk i pastwisk niewykorzystanych gospodarczo. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza trzeciego odrostu, który nie jest zbierany na ok. 50% powierzchni użytków zielonych. W latach 2004-2006 województwo lubelskie wyróżniało się korzystnie na tle Polski zarówno liczbą składanych wniosków, jak i udziałem użytków zielonych, objętych dotacjami rolnośrodowiskowymi.
EN
This study was aimed at evaluating current conditions of grassland management in the Lublin Voivodship due to implementation of the "National Agro-environmental Programme" that supports the development of rural areas. The attempts were also undertaken to estimate the utilization of grasslands for fodder production and environmental protection. Changes of the total area of grasslands and their share in agricultural lands in the Lublin region between 1980 and 2006 are presented. The effect of changes in animal (cattle, sheep, and horses) stock and of various types of subsidies for farmers after Polish accession to EU was also analysed. The farmers' interest in subsiding grasslands within agro-environmental packages P01 (Maintenance of extensive meadows) and P02 (Maintenance of extensive pastures) was noted. The percentage of grasslands in agricultural lands in northern part of the Lublin Voivodship was greater than in the southern. They are mainly mown grasslands. Most pastures occur in Kraśnik and Lublin communes (34.4% and 30.6% of the total grasslands area, respectively). As a result of restructuring Polish agriculture, the animal stock continuously decreased being 2 times lower (cattle), 15 times lower (sheep), and 60 times lower (horses) in 2006 than in 1980. Since 2003, the area of unused meadows and pastures has increased. This is particularly true for the third cut that has not been harvested on about 50% of grassland area. In 2004-2006, Lublin Voivodship stood out from remaining parts of Poland in both the number of applications and the percentage of grasslands subsided by agro-environmental programmes.
3
Content available remote Trawniki we współczesnych ogrodach przydomowych na wsi
PL
Przebadano tereny trawników w 200 wybranych gospodarstwach regionu lubelskiego. W ich 13%, trawniki pokrywały 70% całej pow. terenu. W największej liczbie gospodarstw, ok. 60% - pow. trawników nie przekraczała 40%. Najpopularniejszym przeznaczeniem zbadanych trawników, ponad 50%, była rekreacja. Specjalnie utwardzonych było tylko ok. 8,3%. Najstarszy badany trawnik liczył 20 lat, a najmłodszy - 2.
EN
The cataloguing of grassy area in 200 selected individual farms was performed in Lublin region. Lawns covered over 70% of a property in about 13% of analyzed farms; those where lawn area did not exceed 40% of property made up the most numerous group (about 60%). Recreation lawns were the most popular (up to 50% of total number of analyzed lawns). Intensivetype lawns made up only 8.3%. The oldest lawn was 20-yearsold, the youngest - 2-years-old.
EN
A phytosociological method further to Braun-Blanquet was used for the evaluation of the floristic composition of grass surfaces of 10 sports fields in the autumn of 2000 and the spring of 2001. Degrees of quantity and constancy, cover coefficicnts, number of species in a record and sward compactness were studied. Some chemical propertics of the upper soil layer of the sports fields studied was also assessed. Species from the tread-on habitats from the Plantaginetea maioris class and the ” fresh” habitats from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class together with ruderal-nitrophylic plants from the Artemisietea class and companion species were predom inant in the sward of the sports field lawns. Lolium perenne was the most frequently sown species in the sports lawns, and Poa pratensis was less frequent. Among the unsown species, Poa annua was distinguished by its high contribution in the sward. Chemical properties of the upper soil layer of the sports fields studied showed that neither the treatments applied nor fertilisation was appropriate.
EN
One of the reasons for emergency failures and poor sod formation on the grass sports fields can be found in poor seed ąuality of some species included in the mixtures. Moreover, contribution of individual components in the mixture often differs from the composition declared on the package. The studies carried out showed that out of 7 grass mixtures for the sports fields sodding, the share of seeds of the individual components (as determined by weight) was close to the composition declared by the manufacturer on the package only in 2 of thein (differences in the species composition did not exceed 1.5%). In the remaining mixtures, species composition was markedly different from the composition given by the manufacturers on the package (in the case of some components the differences were as high as 8%). The content of pollutants in the mixtures did not exceed 5%; however, in one of them it was significantly higher (9.1%). Seed germination capacity of a given species varied in different mixtures and ranged from 92.0 to 98.6% in Lolium perenne, from 43.0 to 89.6% in Festuca rubra and from 37.0 to 87.0% in Poa pratensis. The expected contribution of species in the sward in the year of sowing as determined for each of the mixtures taking into account the weight of 1000 seeds of the individual components, differed significantly from the percentage share of these species in the mixtures declared by the manufacturer.
EN
Breeding work started already in the thirties, but the first six species of lawn grasses were entered into the Register of Cultivars as late as 1966. Dynamic development of the breeding work and species evaluation based on the instructions worked out, started in the eighties (Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Research Centre for Cultivar Testing). In recent years, there is a growing regress in the breeding of the Polish grass species manifested by less numerous applications for the testing of the Polish species submitted to the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing. In the present report, attention was drawn to an alarming inerease in the number of foreign species (mainly of Danish, Dutch, German, and British origin) both subjected to the preliminary research work and already registered. A difficult situation of the Polish grass breeding was stressed. The lack of successors of the experienced group of researchers from the older generation makes this situation even worse. Research work relating to the biological evaluation of lawn grass species and cultivars and their sod-forming ability on the grass surfaces, especially on the sports and recreation grounds was reviewed. Organisational units founded at the Institute of Communal Economy. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, sports clubs of the academies of physical education, and in the recent years, also at the departments of grassland of agricultural universities, allowed for undertaking a broad range of observations and studies on the establishment of various lawns. Initially, (1950-1960), the studies concentrated on the recreational and decorative lawns. Then (since the seventies), thanks to the co-operation with sports clubs, also sports lawns became subjects of research. The study and observation results, practical experience of the research personnel from the institutions mentioned above, were shared with the participants of various conferences and meetings organised mainly with the assistance of the Chief Technical Organisation (NOT), all kinds of seminars and trainings and scientific and scientific-popular publications, and propagation rnaterials. Deep involvement of a number of people in the organisational and popularisation activities in the area of lawn establishment was presented.
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