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2 Opto-Electronics Review

2 2025

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Underwater Laguerre-Gaussian beam propagation and phase compensation method

Shi Haotian, Wang Xiaoyue, Zuo Yani, Qiao Hao, Luo Limeng

Opto-Electronics Review

2025

Vol. 33, No. 1

art. no. e153161

Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams experience phase twist after long-distance transmission, making the orbital angular momentum (OAM) indistinguishable. This phenomenon becomes more severe in water due to the higher refractive index. Based on the physical principles of LG beams, this paper derives the mathematical expression for LG beam transmission in water to address this issue. It organizes and analyses the physical significance of each term. The exponential term responsible for phase twist is separated and phase compensation is applied to the initial LG beam. Simulation results show that after transmission through water, traditional LG beams exhibit a clockwise twisted distribution of isophase lines. By applying the phase compensation method proposed in this paper, the phase of the initial LG beam is modulated and when the LG beam reaches the observation plane, the isophase lines become straight, verifying the effectiveness of the method. This compensation method holds significant value for LG beams in advanced physics research.

Theoretical investigation and numerical simulation of gas-filled multi-pass cell

Shi Haotian, Zuo Yani, Wu Fangfei, Zheng Huifeng, Sui Chenghua, Wang Xiaoyue

Opto-Electronics Review

2025

Vol. 33, No. 2

art. no. e154201

Gas-filled multi-pass cell (MPC) has been widely used in physics and optics studies. An important issue that cannot be ignored is the instability of beam propagation, which will destroy the optical elements and weaken the experimental performance. In this paper, the authors propose a theoretical investigation of MPC, not only the analytical solution of the eigenmode, but also the beam evolution in gas-filled MPC. Based on the symmetrical configuration of MPC, the model is established using the ABCD matrix method and the beam transmission evolution in MPC. The analytical eigenmode solution is derived by solving the functions of q-parameter transformation. The beam size and wavefront radius verify the correctness of the eigenmode. Then, the transfer matrix calculates the beam evolution of 100 passes in MPC. Compared to the traditional eigenmode calculation, the method proposed in this paper has higher stability. Starting from a theoretical perspective, this paper addresses the issue of an unstable beam transmission in MPC, which is significant for designing and evaluating MPC configuration in frontier scientific research.