Complex rheological properties of yield-stress materials may lead to the generation of an intensive mixing zone near a rotating impeller. From the practical point of view, the zone should cover most of the stirred liquid. According to the literature review, several parameters may affect the size of the mixing zone, in particular forces exerted on the liquid. This paper presents both experimental and numerical investigation of axial and tangential forces generated during mechanical mixing of yield-stress fluids in a stirred tank. The tested fluids were aqueous solutions of Carbopol Ultrez 30 of concentration either 0.2 or 0.6 wt% and pH = 5.0. The study was performed for three types of impeller, pitched blade turbine, Prochem Maxflo T and Rushton turbine, in a broad range of their rotational speed, 𝑁 = 60 − 900 rpm. The axial and tangential forces were calculated from the apparent mass of the stirred tank and torque, respectively. The experimental results were compared with CFD predictions, revealing their good agreement. Analysis of the generated forces showed that they are dependent on the rheological characteristic of liquid and the impeller type. It was also found that although axial force was smaller than tangential force, it significantly increased the resultant force.
The article presents an experimental investigation of the rheological properties of carbomer microgels.All of the tested fluids were made up from commercial polyacrylic acid, Carbopol Ultrez 30. Intotal, eighteen microgels were prepared, differing in concentration; 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt%, with sixlevels of neutralisation for pH from 4.0 to 9.0. Based on the experimental flow curves it was foundthat all tested microgels are yield stress shear-thinning fluids. Therefore, the Herschel–Bulkley modelwas used and its rheological parameters were determined. It was found that both the concentrationand the pH value significantly affected the yield stress. As the Carbopol concentration increased,the yield point also increased. With the increasing value of pH, the yield stress first increased untila certain maximum level and then decreased. The maximum values of yield stress were obtained forpH=6to 7, depending on polymer concentration. It was also found that flow curves of the testedmicrogels could be described using one universal master curve, thus they have common rheologicalbehaviour.
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