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Działalność Komisji do spraw Ochrony Powierzchni przy Wyższym Urzędzie Górniczym

Białożyt Tomasz, Kowalski Andrzej, Wojtacha Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2022

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nr 1

2--9

PL

W artykule przedstawiono syntetycznie działalność Komisji ds. Ochrony Powierzchni przy Wyższym Urzędzie Górniczym w okresie od 2012 do 2021 r., w tym kilku wniosków opiniowanych kilkukrotnie lub cyklicznie dotyczących: eksploatacji w filarach ochronnych dla śródmieścia Bytomia i dla Lubina oraz na terenie górniczym w Marklowicach, a także zasad stosowania Górniczej Skali Intensywności Sejsmicznej - GSIS. Szczególnym problemem dyskutowanym na posiedzeniach komisji w 2012 r. były zasady prognozowania wpływów i szkód górniczych przez przedsiębiorców górniczych. Geneza tej dyskusji miała związek z eksploatacją górniczą i szkodami, jakie wystąpiły w 2011 r. w dzielnicy Karb w Bytomiu.

EN

The activities of the Commission for Surface Protection at the State Mining Authority are regulated by an ordinance [10] and its composition by a decision [1] of the President of the State Mining Authority. The tasks of the commission include issuing opinions on the state of public safety related to mineral exploitation, and in particular on the evaluation of mining exploitation programs and issuing opinions on: mining and construction prophylaxis in mining areas, methods of mine liquidation and directions of development of post-mining areas along with evaluation of their suitability for development. In addition, the Committee initiates research on the impact of mining activities on the environment and buildings and gives its opinion on draft regulations, Polish Standards and instructions on the above issues. In the years 2012-2020, the Committee considered 24 motions, of which the most frequent were motions concerning mining operations near Bytom and Marklowice, in the protective pillar of Lubin, and those concerning the mining seismic intensity scale. A particular problem discussed at the commission's meeting was a letter on shortcomings in forecasting the impact of the planned exploitation by mining enterprises. The list of applications reviewed in 2012-2020 by the commission (Table 1) shows that their number is gradually decreasing, which is due to, among others, restructuring of the hard coal mining industry, which resulted in termination of exploitation under the center of Bytom and also Wirek district in Ruda Śląska.

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Rekultywacja gruntów przekształconych działalnością górniczą

Botor Ewa, Wojtacha Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2020

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nr 11

3--9

PL

W artykule omówiono podstawy formalno-prawne współdziałania organów nadzoru górniczego z organami ochrony środowiska w zakresie rekultywacji gruntów, na których w wyniku działalności górniczej nastąpiło niekorzystne przekształcenie naturalnego ukształtowania powierzchni oraz zanieczyszczenie gleby i ziemi. Zaprezentowano też działalność górnictwa w zakresie rekultywacji i zagospodarowania gruntów przekształconych działalnością górniczą w latach 2015-2019.

EN

The use of post-mining land requires that environmental protection authorities, in cooperation with, among others, mining supervisory authorities, set conditions for reclamation. In case of areas where the natural surface structure has been transformed in an unfavourable manner, these conditions are set by a Starost, who acts in accordance with Act [2], On the other hand, when there is ground pollution, the scope of necessary activities is specified by the regional director for environmental protection, who acts in accordance with Act [3] (pollution from before 30 April 2007) or Act [4] (pollution from after 30 April 2007). Between 2015 and 2019, in matters concer- ning reclamation, mining supervisory authorities cooperated most extensively with starosts, issuing an average of 994 opinions peryear. In 2019, a total of 9,884.3 ha of land reguired post-mining reclamation. Between 2015 and 2019, the overall reclamation dynamics exhibited a downward trend. During this period, the mining industry reclaimed a total of 3,417.4 ha of land, with the most (69.24%) in the rock raw materials and natural aggregates sector. Over the last 5 years, the mining industry developed a total of 1,731.2 ha of reclaimed land area, with the most (53.75%) in rock raw materiał and natural aggregate mining. Trend lines for the development of reclaimed land show a slight increase in both the mining industry in generał and in its individual sectors. However, between 2015 and 2019, elear downward dynamics were observed with respect to land transferred to other users, with a visible growth in land acguired for mining activities.

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Kilka zdań o działalności bez wymaganej koncesji

Orlof Janusz, Wojtacha Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2019

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nr 9

3--7

PL

Artykuł, na tle uregulowań prawnych, prezentuje działania podejmowane przez organy nadzoru górniczego w celu wypracowania metod i zasad jednolitego postępowania w sprawach nielegalnego pozyskiwania kopalin w Polsce. Przedstawia również dane statystyczne odnoszące się do problematyki nielegalnej eksploatacji i opisuje utrudnienia w naliczaniu opłaty podwyższonej, których źródłem są przepisy innych ustaw pozwalające na obejście przepisów Prawa geologicznego i górniczego.

EN

Mining supervision authorities have participated in proceedings concerning cases of illegal extraction of minerals only since 2012, when the Geological and Mining Law obliged them to issue decisions ordering the suspension of unlicensed activities. Between 2012 and 2014, they issued a total of 281 such decisions. Since 2015, these authorities are competent for charging the increased fee. Between 2015 and 2018, they issued 435 decisions within this respect, imposing fees for a total amount of PLN 99.8 million. In cases of attempts to circumvent the Geological and Mining Law based on other administrative decisions, such as building permits, fees are charged based on the amount of minerals extracted as a result of activities extending beyond them. In order to suport regional mining authorities in this respect, the State Mining Authority (Polish: Wyższy Urząd Górniczy – WUG), among other activities, developed and then updated the methodology of conducting proceedings in such cases, specifying such aspects the method of gathering evidence, documentation specimen for the amount of mineral extracted, the method of determining the specific gravity of the mineral, and the principle of joint and several liability of offenders. With the support of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM), it equipped employees of Regional Mining Authorities (Polish: Okręgowy Urząd Górniczy – OUG) with equipment that guarantees reliable preparation of evidence. The course of 48 cases filed against the President of WUG with the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Gliwice in the years 2015–2018, out of which the court recognized the arguments of the appealing party in only 4 cases, may serve as a testimony to the high standards of procedures introduced in mining authorities and to the high competences of their employees. However, in order to effectively eliminate unlicensed extraction, it is still necessary to analyse experiences concerning the functioning of regulations and propose new legislative solutions in this respect (e.g. simplifying the process of obtaining licences for land-bound minerals).

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Archiwum Dokumentacji Mierniczo-Geologicznej w Wyższym Urzędzie Górniczym – dwadzieścia lat doświadczeń

Mosór Włodzimierz, Picur Jerzy, Wojtacha Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2019

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nr 5

5--9

PL

W artykule przedstawiono informacje o Archiwum Dokumentacji Mierniczo-Geologicznej w Wyższym Urzędzie Górniczym. Zaprezentowano historię powstania, formalno-prawne podstawy jego funkcjonowania, organizację i zadania oraz dotychczasowe osiągnięcia. W części końcowej omówiono metodykę oceny zagrożeń ze strony wyrobisk górniczych, mających połączenie z powierzchnią usytuowanych na terenach zlikwidowanych podziemnych zakładów górniczych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych do tej pory inwentaryzacji są znaczącym wsparciem w procesie udzielania informacji o terenie pogórniczym realizowanym przez archiwum.

EN

The closure of mines results from the restructuring of the mining sector started in the 1990s. This is associated with the need to protect and archive mine survey and geological documentation, which includes complete information on mining activities. To preserve the knowledge included in mine survey and geological documentation for future users of post-mining areas, the President of the State Mining Authority established an Archive of Mine Survey and Geological Documentation 25 years ago. Its aim is to collect, protect, and archive documents from mines to be closed, as well as to prepare them to be made available. So far, the Archive has acquired a total of 584 fonds (133 of which from underground mines, and 451 from open-pit and borehole mines). As at the end of 2018, the Archive collected 24,316 archival units (single documents or collections of them), including cartographic documents. Some of them, especially those necessary to prepare information on geological and mining conditions in a post-mining area, were converted into electronic form. As at the end of 2018, a total of 12,722 applications for the provision of such information were processed. In 2018, the State Mining Authority – with financial support from the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management – also became to make an inventory of previous excavations connected to the surface, which is part of the "Reduction of inconvenience caused by extraction" priority programme. As at the end of 2018, a total of 2,790 excavations of this type in Śląskie and Dolnośląskie Provinces were inventoried. Inventory results are stored at the Archive, while data on inventory results are used to prepare information on post-mining areas and made available to persons concerned.