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1

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. OGLE-III Long Term Monitoring of the Gravitational Lens QSO 2237+0305

Udalski A., Szymański M. K., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł., Ulaczyk K., Więckowski T.

Acta Astronomica

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2006

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Vol. 56, No. 4

293--305

EN

We present results of the long term monitoring of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305 conducted during the OGLE survey. Light curves of all four components of the lens obtained during the second phase of the OGLE project (OGLE-II; 1997-2000) are supplemented with the data collected in the OGLE-III phase in the observing seasons 2001-2006. Calibration procedures to tie the new OGLE-III data with already calibrated OGLE-II light curves are described. The resulting homogeneous OGLE data set is the most extensive photometric coverage of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305, spanning now one decade - the seasons from 1997 to 2006 - and revealing unique microlensing activity of this spectacular object. All photometric data of the gravitational lens QSO 2237+0305 collected by OGLE are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet} archive.

2

Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Season 2004

Jaroszyński M., Skowron J., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M. K., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2006

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Vol. 56, No. 4

307--332

EN

We present 19 binary lens candidates from OGLE-III Early Warning System database for the season of 2004. We have also found five events interpreted as single mass lensing of double sources. The candidates have been selected by visual light curves inspection. Examining the models of binary lenses of this and our previous studies (10 caustic crossing events of OGLE-II seasons 1997-1999 and 15 binary lens events of OGLE-III seasons 2002-2003) we find one case of extreme mass ratio binary (q≈0.005, a known planetary lens OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53) and almost all other models with mass ratios in the range 0.1

3

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Miras and Semiregular Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Soszyński I., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M. K., Pietrzyński G., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł., Ulaczyk K.

Acta Astronomica

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2005

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Vol. 55, No. 4

331--348

EN

We use the OGLE-II and OGLE-III data in conjunction with the 2MASS near-infrared (NIR) photometry to identify and study Miras and Semiregular Variables (SRVs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We found in total 3221 variables of both types, populating two of the series of NIR period-luminosity (PL) sequences. The majority of these objects are double periodic pulsators, with periods belonging to both PL ridges. We indicate that in the period - Wesenheit index plane the oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars from the NIR PL sequences C, C' and D split into well separated ridges. Thus, we discover an effective method of distinguishing between O-rich and C-rich Miras, SRVs and stars with Long Secondary Periods using their V and I-band photometry. We present an empirical method of estimating the mean Ks magnitudes of the Long Period Variables using single-epoch Ks measurements and complete light curves in the I-band. We utilize these corrected magnitudes to show that the O-rich and C-rich Miras and SRVs follow somewhat different Ks-band PL relations.

4

Mass Estimates for Some of the Binary Lenses in OGLE-III Database

Jaroszyński M., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M. K., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2005

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Vol. 55, No. 2

159--175

EN

We model binary microlensing events OGLE 2003-BLG-170, 267, and 291. Source angular sizes are measured for the events 267 and 291. Model fits to the light curves give parallaxes for the events 267 and 291, and relative source sizes for 170 and 267. Selfconsistency arguments provide extra limits on the models of the event 291. As a result we obtain likelihood estimate of the lens mass for the event 170, mass measurement based on angular size and parallax for 267, and narrow limits on mass in the case of 291. Brown dwarfs are most likely candidates for some of the lens components. The influence of the binary lens rotation and the Earth parallax may be important but hard to distinguish when modeling relatively short lasting binary lens events.

5

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Small Amplitude Variable Red Giants in the Magellanic Clouds

Soszyński I., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M., Pietrzyński G., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2004

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Vol. 54, No. 2

129--152

EN

We present analysis of the large sample of variable red giants from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds detected during the second phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-II) and supplemented with OGLE-III photometry. Comparing pulsation properties of detected objects we find that they constitute two groups with clearly distinct features. In this paper we analyze in detail small amplitude variable red giants (about 15400 and 3000 objects in the LMC and SMC, respectively). The vast majority of these objects are multi-periodic. At least 30% of them exhibit two modes closely spaced in the power spectrum, what likely indicates non-radial oscillations. About 50% exhibit additional so called Long Secondary Period. To distinguish between AGB and RGB red giants we compare PL diagrams of multi-periodic red giants located above and below the tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB). The giants above the TRGB form four parallel ridges in the PL diagram. Among much more numerous sample of giants below the TRGB we find objects located on the low luminosity extensions of these ridges, but most of the stars are located on the ridges slightly shifted in log P. We interpret the former as the second ascent AGB red giants and the latter as the first ascent RGB objects. Thus, we empirically show that the pulsating red giants fainter than the TRGB are a mixture of RGB and AGB giants. Finally, we compare the Petersen diagrams of the LMC, SMC and Galactic bulge variable red giants and find that they are basically identical indicating that the variable red giants in all these different stellar environments share similar pulsation properties.

6

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Planetary and Low-Luminosity Object Transits in the Fields of Galactic Disk. Results of the 2003 OGLE Observing Campaigns

Udalski A., Szymański M. K., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2004

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Vol. 54, No. 4

313--345

EN

We present results of two observing campaigns conducted by the OGLE-III survey in the 2003 observing season aiming at the detection of new objects with planetary transiting companions. Six fields of 35'×35' each located in the Galactic disk were monitored with high frequency for several weeks in February-July 2003. Additional observations of three of these fields were also collected in the 2004 season. Altogether about 800 and 1500 epochs were collected for the fields of both campaigns, respectively. The search for low depth transits was conducted on about 230 000 stars with photometry better than 15mmag. It was focused on detection of planetary companions, thus clear non-planetary cases were not included in the final list of selected objects. Altogether we discovered 40 stars with shallow (≤0.05 mag) flat-bottomed transits. In each case several individual transits were observed allowing determination of photometric elements. Additionally, the lower limits on radii of the primary and companion were calculated. From the photometric point of view the new OGLE sample contains many very good candidates for extrasolar transiting planets. However, only the future spectroscopic follow-up observations of the OGLE sample - determination of the amplitude of radial velocity and exclusion of blending possibilities - may allow to confirm their planetary status. In general, the transiting objects may be extrasolar planets, brown dwarfs, M-type dwarfs or fake transits caused by blending. All photometric data of objects with transiting companions discovered during the 2003 campaigns are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

7

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Ellipsoidal Variability of Red Giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Soszyński I., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M. K., Pietrzyński G., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł., Dziembowski W. A.

Acta Astronomica

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2004

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Vol. 54, No. 4

347--362

EN

We used the OGLE-II and OGLE-III photometry of red giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud to select and study objects revealing ellipsoidal variability. We detected 1546 candidates for long period ellipsoidal variables and 121 eclipsing binary systems with clear ellipsoidal modulation. The ellipsoidal red giants follow a period-luminosity (PL) relationship (sequence E), and the scatter of the relation is correlated with the amplitude of variability: the larger the amplitude, the smaller the scatter. We note that some of the ellipsoidal candidates exhibit simultaneously OGLE Small Amplitude Red Giants pulsations. Thus, in some cases the Long Secondary Period (LSP) phenomenon can be explained by the ellipsoidal modulation. We also select about 1600 red giants with distinct LSP, which are not ellipsoidal variables. We discover that besides the sequence D in the PL diagram known before, the LSP giants form additional less numerous sequence for longer periods. We notice that the PL sequence of the ellipsoidal candidates is a direct continuation of the LSP sequence toward fainter stars, what might suggest that the LSP phenomenon is related to binarity but there are strong arguments against such a possibility. About 10% of the presented light curves reveal clear deformation by the eccentricity of the system orbits. The largest estimated eccentricity in our sample is about 0.4. All presented data, including individual BVI observations and finding charts are available from the OGLE Internet archive.

8

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Eclipsing Binary Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Wyrzykowski Ł., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M. K., Żebruń K., Soszyński I., Woźniak P. R., Pietrzyński G., Szewczyk O.

Acta Astronomica

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2004

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Vol. 54, No. 1

1--17

EN

We present new version of the OGLE-II catalog of eclipsing binary stars detected in the Small Magellanic Cloud, based on Difference Image Analysis catalog of variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds containing data collected from 1997 to 2000. We found 1351 eclipsing binary stars in the central 2.4 square degree area of the SMC. 455 stars are newly discovered objects, not found in the previous release of the catalog. The eclipsing objects were selected with the automatic search algorithm based on the artificial neural network. The full catalog is accessible from the OGLE Internet archive.

9

Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Seasons 2002-2003

Jaroszyński M., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2004

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Vol. 54, No. 2

103--128

EN

We present 15 binary lens candidates from OGLE-III Early Warning System database for seasons 2002-2003. We also found 15 events interpreted as single mass lensing of double sources. The candidates were selected by visual light curves inspection. Examining the models of binary lenses of this and our previous study (10 caustic crossing events of OGLE-II seasons 1997-1999) we find one case of extreme mass ratio binary (q≈0.005) and the rest in the range 0.1

10

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Optical Monitoring of the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar HE1104-1805 in 1997-2002

Wyrzykowski Ł., Udalski A., Schechter P. L., Szewczyk O., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K.

Acta Astronomica

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2003

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Vol. 56, No. 3

229--240

EN

We present results of the long term monitoring of the gravitationally lensed quasar HE1104-1805. The photometric data were collected between August 1997 and January 2002 as a subproject of the OGLE survey. We determine the time delay in the light curves of images A and B of HE1104-1805 to be equal to 157±21 days with the variability in the image B light curve leading variability of the image A. The result is in excellent agreement with the earlier determination by Ofek and Maoz. OGLE photometry of HE1104-1805 is available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

11

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Eclipsing Binary Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Wyrzykowski Ł., Udalski A., Kubiak M., Szymański M., Żebruń K., Soszyński I., Woźniak P. R., Pietrzyński G., Szewczyk O.

Acta Astronomica

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2003

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Vol. 53, No. 1

1--25

EN

We present the catalog of 2580 eclipsing binary stars detected in 4.6 square degree area of the central parts of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The photometric data were collected during the second phase of the OGLE microlensing search from 1997 to 2000. The eclipsing objects were selected with the automatic search algorithm based on an artificial neural network. Basic statistics of eclipsing stars are presented. Also, the list of 36 candidates of detached eclipsing binaries for spectroscopic study and for precise LMC distance determination is provided. The full catalog is accessible from the OGLE Internet archive.

12

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Catalog of RR Lyr Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Soszyński I., Udalski A., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Woźniak P., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2003

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Vol. 56, No. 2

93--116

EN

We present the catalog of RR Lyr stars discovered in a 4.5 square degrees area in the central parts of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Presented sample contains 7612 objects, including 5455 fundamental mode pulsators (RRab), 1655 first-overtone (RRc), 272 second-overtone (RRe) and 230 double-mode RR Lyr stars (RRd). Additionally we attach a list of several dozen other short-period pulsating variables. The catalog data include astrometry, periods, BVI photometry, amplitudes, and parameters of the Fourier decomposition of the I-band light curve of each object. We present density map of RR Lyr stars in the observed fields which shows that the variables are strongly concentrated toward the LMC center. The modal values of the period distribution for RRab, RRc and RRe stars are 0.573, 0.339 and 0.276 days, respectively. The period-luminosity diagrams for BVI magnitudes and for extinction insensitive index WI are constructed. We provide the log P-I, log P-V and log P-WI relations for RRab, RRc and RRe stars. The mean observed V-band magnitudes of RR Lyr stars in the LMC are 19.36 mag and 19.31 mag for ab and c types, respectively, while the extinction free values are 18.91 mag and 18.89 mag. We found a large number of RR Lyr stars pulsating in two modes closely spaced in the power spectrum. These stars are believed to exhibit non-radial pulsating modes. We discovered three stars which simultaneously reveal RR Lyr-type and eclipsing-type variability. If any of these objects were an eclipsing binary system containing RR Lyr star, then for the first time the direct determination of the mass of RR Lyr variable would be possible. We provide a list of six LMC star clusters which contain RR Lyr stars. The richest cluster, NGC 1835, hosts 84 RR Lyr variables. The period distribution of these stars suggests that NGC 1835 shares features of Oosterhoff type I and type II groups. All presented data, including individual BVI observations and finding charts are available from the OGLE Internet archive.

13

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Additional Planetary and Low-Luminosity Object Transits from the OGLE 2001 and 2002 Observational Campaigns

Udalski A., Pietrzyński G., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Żebruń K., Soszyński I., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2003

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Vol. 56, No. 2

133--149

EN

The photometric data collected by OGLE-III during the 2001 and 2002 observational campaigns aiming at detection of planetary or low-luminosity object transits were corrected for small scale systematic effects using the data pipeline by Kruszewski and Semeniuk and searched again for low amplitude transits. Sixteen new objects with small transiting companions, additional to previously found samples, were discovered. Most of them are small amplitude cases which remained undetected in the original data. Several new objects seem to be very promising candidates for systems containing substellar objects: extrasolar planets or brown dwarfs. Those include OGLE-TR-122, OGLE-TR-125, OGLE-TR-130, OGLE-TR-131 and a few others. Those objects are particularly worth spectroscopic follow-up observations for radial velocity measurements and mass determination. With well known photometric orbit only a few RV measurements should allow to confirm their actual status. All photometric data of presented objects are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

14

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Search for Planetary and Low-Luminosity Object Transits in the Galactic Disk. Results of 2001 Campaign

Udalski A., Paczyński B., Żebruń K., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Soszyński I., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł., Pietrzyński G.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 1

1--37

EN

We present results of an extensive photometric search for planetary and low-luminosity object transits in the Galactic disk stars commencing the third phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment - OGLE-III. Photometric observations of three fields in the direction of the Galactic center (800 epochs per field) were collected on 32 nights during time interval of 45 days. Out of the total of 5 million stars monitored, about 52 000 Galactic disk stars with photometry better than 1.5% were analyzed for flat-bottomed eclipses with the depth smaller than 0.08 mag. Altogether 46 stars with transiting low-luminosity objects were detected. For 42 of them multiple transits were observed, a total of 185, allowing orbital period determination. Transits in two objects: OGLE-TR-40 and OGLE-TR-10, with the radii ratio of about 0.14 and estimate of the radius of the companion 1.0-1.5 RJup, resemble the well known planetary transit in HD 209458. The sample was selected by the presence of apparent transits only, with no knowledge on any other properties. Hence, it is very well suited for general study of low-luminosity objects. The transiting objects may be Jupiters, brown dwarfs, or M dwarfs. Future determination of the amplitude of radial velocity changes will establish their masses, and will confirm or refute the reality of the so called "brown dwarf desert". The low-mass stellar companions will provide new data needed for the poorly known mass-radius relation for the lower main sequence. All photometric data are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

15

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Search for Planetary and Low-Luminosity Object Transits in the Galactic Disk. Results of 2001 Campaign - Supplement

Udalski A., Żebruń K., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Soszyński I., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł., Pietrzyński G.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 2

115--128

EN

The photometric data collected during 2001 season OGLE-III planetary/low luminosity object transit campaign were reanalyzed with the new transit search technique - the BLS method by Kovacs, Zucker and Mazeh. In addition to all presented in our original paper transits, additional 13 objects with transiting low-luminosity companions were discovered. We present here a supplement to our original catalog - the photometric data, light curves and finding charts of all 13 new objects. The model fits to the transit light curves indicate that a few new objects may be Jupiter-sized (R<1.6 RJup). OGLE-TR-56 is a particularly interesting case. Its transit has only 13 mmag depth, short duration and a period of 1.21190 days. Model fit indicates that the companion may be Saturn-sized if the passage were central. Spectroscopic follow-up observations are encouraged for final classification of the transiting objects as planets, brown dwarfs or late M-type dwarf stars. We also provide the most recent ephemerides of other most promising planetary transits: OGLE-TR-10 and OGLE-TR-40 based on observations collected in June 2002. All photometric data are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

16

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Planetary and Low-Luminosity Object Transits in the Carina Fields of the Galactic Disk

Udalski A., Szewczyk O., Żebruń K., Pietrzyński G., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Soszyński I., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 4

317--359

EN

We present results of the second "planetary and low-luminosity object transit" campaign conducted by the OGLE-III survey. Three fields (35'×35' each) located in the Carina regions of the Galactic disk (l≈290°) were monitored continuously in February-May 2002. About 1150 epochs were collected for each field. The search for low depth transits was conducted on about 103 000 stars with photometry better than 15 mmag. In total, we discovered 62 objects with shallow depth (≤0.08 mag) flat-bottomed transits. For each of these objects several individual transits were detected and photometric elements were determined. Also lower limits on radii of the primary and companion were calculated. The 2002 OGLE sample of stars with transiting companions contains considerably more objects that may be Jupiter-sized (R<1.6 RJup) compared to our 2001 sample. There is a group of planetary candidates with the orbital periods close to or shorter than one day. If confirmed as planets, they would be the shortest period extrasolar planetary systems. In general, the transiting objects may be extrasolar planets, brown dwarfs, or M-type dwarfs. One should be, however, aware that in some cases unresolved blends of regular eclipsing stars can mimic transits. Future spectral analysis and eventual determination of the amplitude of radial velocity should allow final classification. High resolution spectroscopic follow-up observations are, therefore, strongly encouraged. All photometric data are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

17

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Catalog of RR Lyr Stars from the Small Magellanic Cloud

Soszyński I., Udalski A., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Woźniak P., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 4

369--396

EN

We present the catalog of RR Lyrae stars from 2.4 square degrees of central parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The photometric data were collected during four years of the OGLE-II microlensing survey. Photometry of each star was obtained using the Difference Image Analysis (DIA) method. The catalog contains 571 objects, including 458 RRab, 56 RRc variables, and 57 double mode RR Lyr stars (RRd). Additionally we attach a list of variables with periods between 0.18-0.26 days, which are probably δ Sct stars. Period, BVI photometry, astrometry, amplitude, and parameters of the Fourier decomposition of the I-band light curve are provided for each object. We also present the Petersen diagram for double mode pulsators. We found that the SMC RR Lyr stars are fairly uniformly distributed over the studied area, with no clear correlation to any location. The most preferred periods for RRab and RRc stars are 0.589 and 0.357 days, respectively. We noticed significant excess of stars with periods of about 0.29 days, which might be second-overtone RR Lyr stars (RRe). The mean extinction free magnitudes derived for RRab stars are 18.97, 19.45 and 19.73 mag for the I, V and B-band, respectively. All presented data, including individual BVI observations, are available from the OGLE Internet archive.

18

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Catalog of High Proper Motion Stars Towards the Magellanic Clouds

Soszyński I., Żebruń K., Udalski A., Woźniak P. R., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 2

129--142

EN

We present a Catalog of high proper motion (HPM) stars detected in the foreground of central parts of the Magellanic Clouds. The Catalog contains 2161 objects in the 4.5 square degree area towards the LMC, and 892 HPM stars in the 2.4 square degree area towards the SMC. The Catalog is based on observations collected during four years of the OGLE-II microlensing survey. The Difference Image Analysis (DIA) of the images provided candidate HPM stars with proper motion as small as 4 mas/yr. These appeared as pseudo-variables, and were all measured astrometrically on all CCD images, providing typically about 400 data points per star. The reference frame was defined by the majority of background stars, most of them members of the Magellanic Clouds. The reflex motion due to solar velocity with respect to the local standards of rest is clearly seen. The largest proper motion in our sample is 363 mas/yr. Parallaxes were measured with errors smaller than 20% for several stars.

19

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. BVI Maps of Dense Stellar Regions. III. The Galactic Bulge

Udalski A., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Woźniak P., Żebruń K., Szewczyk O., Wyrzykowski Ł.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 3

217--240

EN

We present the VI photometric maps of the Galactic bulge. They contain VI photometry and astrometry of about 30 million stars from 49 fields of 0.225 square degree each in the Galactic center region. The data were collected during the second phase of the OGLE microlensing project. We discuss the accuracy of data and present color-magnitude diagrams of selected fields observed by OGLE in the Galactic bulge. The VI maps of the Galactic bulge are accessible electronically for the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet archive.

20

Difference Image Analysis of the OGLE-II Bulge Data. III. Catalog of 200 000 Candidate Variable Stars

Woźniak P. R., Udalski A., Szymański M., Kubiak M., Pietrzyński G., Soszyński I., Żebruń K.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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Vol. 52, No. 2

129--142

EN

We present the first edition of a catalog of variable stars from OGLE-II Galactic bulge data covering 3 years: 1997-1999. Typically 200-300 I band data points are available in 49 fields between -11 and 11 degrees in galactic longitude, totaling roughly 11 square degrees in sky coverage. Photometry was obtained using the Difference Image Analysis (DIA) software and tied to the OGLE data base with the DoPhot package. The present version of the catalog comprises 221 801 light curves. In this preliminary work the level of contamination by spurious detections is still about 10%. Parts of the catalog have only crude calibration, insufficient for distance determinations. The next, fully calibrated, edition will include the data collected in year 2000. The data is accessible via ftp. Due to the data volume, we also distribute DAT tapes upon request.