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2 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2 2023

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Periodical Morphodynamic Changes of Sand Movements at El Jadida Beach

Bourhili Amine, El Khalidi Khalid, Minoubi Abdenaim, Maanan Mehdi, Zourarah Bendahhou

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 4

15--26

El Jadida Beach (X: -8.5007116; Y: 33.2316326) is a sandy beach of low altitude that constitutes a kind of enclave located between the port of El Jadida and rocky outcrops. It is influenced by natural and anthropic factors, as well as the impact of tourism, particularly during the summer, when sand is used for amusement activities (Beach Ball competition). In order to follow the morphodynamic changes of this beach, we carried out a study on two different time scales: a fifty-five years (1963 – 2018) shoreline evolution study using aerial photos and satellite images based on GIS tools using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and a two-years (2017–2019) morphological beach study using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). According to the results obtained by the diachronic study, the beach studied showed erosion in its middle and an accumulation at these bulges. This result is due to the presence of the harbor breakwater to the NW and the rocky outcrops to the SE; acting as a barrier preventing the movement of sediments and the erosion in the middle can be explained by the reduction of the sediment supply from the Oued Oum Erabia and by the exposure of this part to the dominant swells and also the human activities like used the beach for amusement activities (Beach Ball competition and other). Beach profile observations results show accumulation in the subaerial beach and erosion in the lower part of the foreshore. The study on two different time scales adopted in this paper, allowed us to understand longshore and cross-shore sedimentary mobility.

Contribution to the Modeling of the Organic Matter of Moroccan Forest Soils within the Context of Global Change – Case Study of the Central Plateau

Dallahi Youssef, Malaainine Mohamed El Imame, Hbiak Ishak, Boujraf Amal, Abidine Mohamed Mahmoud, Orlando Collins Ashianga, Meliho Modeste, El Mderssa Mohamed, Minoubi Abdenaim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 8

261--271

Organic matter is a major component of soil. It is of considerable ecological importance given its role in determining soil health, influencing ecosystem productivity and climate. For this reason, it is essential to carry out studies to evaluate its dynamics in natural ecosystems. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in forest ecosystems of the Central Plateau in Morocco, as well as to investigate the potential of spectral vegetation indices in modeling SOM. To this end, the soil samples for analysis were collected from 30 sites across three vegetation types, including cork oak, Barbary thuja and scrub (matorral). In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was extracted from Landsat 8 images to be used to model SOM using linear regression. The obtained results showed a weak, although statistically significant (α < 0.05), correlation between NDVI and SOM at 0.45. In addition, only the scrub type showed a statistically significant (α < 0.05) relationship between its corresponding SOM and NDVI, and was therefore retained for modeling. Vegetation type had a statistically strong influence (α <0.01) on SOM, with cork oak and garrigue ecosystems having the highest and lowest SOM contents with 5.61% and 2.36%, respectively. In addition, the highest SOM contents were observed under slightly acidic pH soils on mild, warm slopes at high altitude sites, while the lowest were found in lowland areas with predominantly weakly evolved soil.