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The impact of organic farming methods on weed infestation in corn crops and soil improvement

Mishchenko Yurii, Butenko Andrii, Hotvianska Anna, Tsyuk Оleksiy, Sologub Iryna, Bondarenko Oksana, Pryshedko Nataliia, Mikulina Maryna, Ryzhenko Artur, Sevydov Oleksandr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 3

77--85

This study evaluates the effectiveness of post–harvest oilseed radish green manures and different tillage methods in controlling potential soil contamination and weed infestation in typical chernozem soil and maize crops. It was found that the application of oilseed radish green manures significantly reduced the quantity of weed seeds in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 2.9–7.1 million seeds ha-1 compared to the non–green manure background. In maize fields, the population of all weed biological groups decreased by 0.2–4.5 individuals/m2 and their biomass decreased by 4–69 g/m2, resulting in an increase in grain yield by 1.5–1.8 t ha-1. Substituting plowing with no–moldboard tillage for incorporating oilseed radish green manures reduced weed seed reserves in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 0.7–1.7 million seeds ha-1. The deepest no–moldboard tillage provided the lowest potential contamination in the upper 0–5 cm soil layer, with 24.4 and 22.3 million seeds ha-1, which was 0.6–1.1 and 2.3–3.3 million seeds ha-1 lower compared to no–moldboard tillage at 13–15 and 6–8 cm. Substituting plowing with no–moldboard tillage increased the number and biomass of weeds in maize crops, mainly due to early and late spring groups.

Influence of agroecological methods on biometric indicators of corn

Datsko Oksana, Butenko Andrii, Hotvianska Anna, Pylypenko Viktoriia, Nozdrina Nataliia, Masyk Ihor, Bondarenko Oksana, Lemishko Svitlana, Litvinov Dmytro, Toryanik Valentina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 2

264--271

All agricultural producers are fighting for high crop yields. To improve them, scientists and farms are constantly looking for optimal tillage, fertilizers, etc. Biofertilizers, containing so-called effective microorganisms, are more and more often used to ensure optimal plant nutrition. Many scientists have proven and described their positive effect subject to the use of a particular tillage and with which chemical fertilizers their effect is considered to be the best. To obtain high yields, it is also important to take into account the biometric indicators of plants. This article presents a study on determining the height and diameter of the corn stalk, as well as the height of attachment of the first completed cob. Therefore, in a three-factor experiment, we studied the effect of reversible (plowing to a depth of 25–28 cm) and irreversible types of tillage (subsurface cultivator to a depth of 25–28 cm and disking to a depth of 15–18 and 5–8 cm), as well as the effect of such soil probiotics as LEANUM and VITAMIN O7 (used before sowing and on the leaf) on medium-early and medium-ripened hybrids. It was found that all the studied biometric parameters of both hybrids in 2020–2022 were best affected by flat-cutting cultivation to a depth of 25–28 cm. Soil probiotics significantly affected plant height, mainly when applied by leaf. The height of attachment of the first cob for both hybrids was significantly affected by pre-sowing inoculation with both biofertilizers, as well as foliar dressing with LEANUM once and twice.