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1 2025

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Pierwiastkowe odciski palców alkoholi : bezpieczeństwo, jakość i weryfikacja autentyczności

Gajek Magdalena, Pawlaczyk Aleksandra, Szynkowska-Jóźwik Małgorzata Iwona

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2025

[Z] 79, 11-12

1149--1168

Elemental analysis of alcoholic beverages provides valuable insights into their safety, quality and authenticity. The elemental profile of wines, beers, ciders and whisky is shaped by raw materials, environmental conditions, technological processes and interactions with equipment or packaging. Particular attention is paid to toxic elements such as Pb, Cd, As, and Hg, as well as Cu, Zn, and Fe, which are essential but may adversely affect the quality when present in excess. Analytical strategies rely on spectrometric techniques, including FAAS, GF-AAS, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS, complemented by XRF and SEM-EDS for specific applications. These methods, combined with chemometric tools, such as PCA, LDA, or PLS-DA, enable discrimination of beverages by origin, type and production technology, and support the detection of adulteration. Regulatory frameworks established by OIV, WHO and national authorities define maximum allowable concentrations of selected elements, although gaps remain for some beverage categories. Overall, the integration of advanced analytical techniques with multivariate data analysis provides a robust framework for ensuring consumer safety, verifying authenticity and supporting the development of alcoholic beverages with consistent quality.