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1
Content available Tribological Wear of as Cast Zn-4Al Alloy Cooled at Various Rates from the Eutectoid Transformation Temperature
Lachowicz M. M., Leśniewski T., Lachowicz M. B., Jasionowski R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2020
|
Vol. 20, iss. 4
108--114
EN
The paper presents the results from a study on the impact of the cooling rate in the eutectoid transition on the abrasive wear of the as cast Zn-4Al alloy. The microstructure of the researched material consists of dendrites of the η solid solution and an (α+η) eutectic structure. During the eutectoid transformation at 275oC the distribution in the eutectic structure was transformed and fined. Heat treatment was carried out for this alloy, during which three cooling mediums were used, i.e. water, air and an furnace. For the research material obtained in this way, metallographic examinations were performed using the methods of light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as hardness measurements. It was found that faster cooling rate promoted the fragmentation of structural components, which translates into higher hardness of the material. This also had effects in the tribological wear of the tested alloy. As part of the tests, an abrasive wear test was carried out on a standard T-07 tester.
2
Content available The effect of cavitation erosion on austenitic-ferritic steel
Krawczyk J., Jasionowski R., Ura D., Goły M., Frocisz Ł.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2018
|
nr 56 (128)
30--35
EN
Cavitation is a one of many wear mechanisms which are related to the flow of liquid. It is one of the most destructive wear methods for stainless materials. The local changes in the pressure of the liquid stream related to the flow across the metal component cause straightening of the surface area, as well as its erosion and the formation of pits on the surface layer. The erosion value of cavitation is related to the material’s microstructure, the geometry of the element, the phase composition of the material and the surface roughness. In this paper the investigation of the cavitation process for duplex stainless steel has been performed. Samples examined in the first stages of the experiments were not significantly changed, but after a long time the hardness increase was very visible. The result of the cavitation was also cracking along the interphase boundaries, which resulted in the chipping of the material. One of the most important results was a description of the change in the wear mechanisms and its intensity during the cavitation exposure time. At first plastic micro deformation of the material’s surface occurred, then the plastic deformation increased significantly and after some time this resulted in erosion of the material and interfacial boundary decohesion; these two effects increased simultaneously. The last of the mechanisms was mechanical destabilization of the austenite, but the clear result of the mechanical destabilization of the austenite was only observed in the last sample. Martensitic transformation of the material changed the material’s mechanical properties, but for the stainless steels this resulted in electrochemical corrosion of the material, especially through the formation of an electrochemical potential between austenite and martensite.
3
Content available Effect of Crystalographic Texture on Cavitation Wear Resistance of As-Cast CuZn10 Alloy
Jasionowski R., Polkowski W., Zasada D.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
|
Vol. 63, iss. 2
935--940
EN
Analysis of a crystallographic texture (a preferred orientation) effect on cavitation wear resistance of the as-cast CuZn10 alloy, has been conducted in the present paper. The experiment was conducted on the CuZn10 alloy samples with <101>//ND or <111>//ND preferred orientations (where the ND denotes direction that is perpendicular to the exposed surface). The cavitation resistance examinations have been carried out on three different laboratory stands (namely, vibration, jet-impact and flow stands) that are characterized by a various intensity and a way of cavitation’s excitement. Obtained results point towards a higher cavitation resistance of the CuZn10 alloy with the <111>//ND preferred orientation.
4
Content available The Role of Microstructure on the Corrosion Behaviour of as cast AlCu4MgSi and MgAl2Si Alloys
Lachowicz M. M., Jasionowski R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 2
125--130
EN
In this work, the effect of the microstructure on corrosion behavior of selected Mg- and Al-based as cast alloys, was evaluated. The electrochemical examinations were carried out, and then a morphology of corrosion products formed due to local polarization on materials surface, was analyzed. It was documented that the presence of Mg2Si phase plays an important role in the corrosion course of Mg-based alloy. A selective etching was observed in sites of Mg2Si precipitates having “Chinese script”- like morphology. Analogous situation was found for Al-based alloy, where the key role was played by cathodic θ-CuAl2 phase.
5
Content available remote CAMSS 2016 – a new software for a computer aided selection of engineering materials
Jasionowski R.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
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2016
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Vol. 80, nr 1
37--41
EN
Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to present Computer Aided Materials Selection Software 2016 (CAMSS 2016) program, as well as to show its potential applicability as a tool for the selection of engineering materials. Design/methodology/approach: The project assumed a formation of computer database of materials properties and a system for the selection of structural materials. The software should be useful in industry, research entities and universities. Research limitations/implications: The only limitation of CAMSS 2016 software comes from a minimum screen resolution. The software properly display all information (including phase diagrams) when at least 1280x720 screen resolution is applied. Practical implications: CAMSS 2016 includes information regarding chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties (at low and elevated temperature), and required conditions for thermomechanical processing. CAMSS 2016 may be also applied to: the identification of materials based on chemical composition of physical and mechanical properties, a material selection for particular applications or a selection of proper material substitute. Originality/value: CAMSS 2016 is one of the few available computer programs joining two basic functions: engineering and educational.
6
Content available Destruction Mechanism of ZnAl4 as Cast Alloy Subjected to Cavitational Erosion Using Different Laboratory Stands
Jasionowski R., Polkowski W., Zasada D.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 1
19--24
EN
The main reason of a cavitational destruction is the mechanical action of cavitation pulses onto the material’s surface. The course of cavitation destruction process is very complex and depends on the physicochemical and structural features of a material. A resistance to cavitation destruction of the material increases with the increase of its mechanical strength, fatigue resistance as well as hardness. Nevertheless, the effect of structural features on the material’s cavitational resistance has been not fully clarified. In the present paper, the cavitation destruction of ZnAl4 as cast alloy was investigated on three laboratory stands: vibration, jet-impact and flow stands. The destruction mechanism of ZnAl4 as cast alloy subjected to cavitational erosion using various laboratory stands is shown in the present paper.
7
Content available Cavitation Erosion Resistance Of FeAl Intermetallic Alloys And Al2O3 – Based Ceramics
Jasionowski R., Pędzich Z., Zasada D., Przetakiewicz W.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 2A
671--675
EN
The problem of the devastation of fluid-flow machinery components is very complex, because it consists of processes of erosion and corrosion. The most dangerous factor is the cavitation phenomenon, which is very difficult to eliminate through the use of design solutions. Usage of materials with greater resistance to cavitation erosion seems to be an obvious effective method of prevention. Such materials as FeAl intermetallic alloys and ceramic materials may be considered as reasonable candidates for this purpose. In the presented work, cavitation erosion resistance of FeAl intermetallic alloys and Al2O3 – based ceramic materials, was investigated and compared.
PL
Problem niszczenia elementów maszyn przepływowych jest bardzo złożony, ponieważ składa się z procesów erozyjnych i korozyjnych. Najbardziej niebezpiecznym czynnkiem jest zjawisko kawitacji, które bardzo trudno jest wyeliminować poprzez stosowanie rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych. Skutecznym rozwiązaniem jest stosowanie materiału o większej odporności na erozję kawitacyjną. Takimi materiałami mogą być stopy intermetaliczne FeAl lub materiały ceramiczne. W pracy przedstawiono porównanie odporności na erozję kawitacyjną stopów intermetalicznych FeAl i materiałów ceramicznych na bazie Al2O3.
8
Content available remote Cavitation wear of ceramic. Part 2, Cavitation wear mechanisms of composites with oxide matrices
Pędzich Z., Jasionowski R., Ziąbka M.
Composites Theory and Practice
|
2014
|
R. 14, nr 3
139-144
EN
The usage of ceramic materials in applications endangered by intensive cavitation could limit erosion phenomena. Especially effective improvement could be achieved with the application of sintered ceramic matrix composites (CMC). The presented work describes the cavitation wear resistance of a few CMCs in comparison to mono-phase ceramic sinters made of alumina and tetragonal zirconia. Their degradation was described by the volumetric loss of material. Additionally, the cavitation degradation mechanisms of each particular material were determined by detailed observations of worn surfaces at different stages of wear.
PL
Użycie materiałów ceramicznych w zastosowaniach, w których materiał narażony jest na intensywną kawitację, może ograniczyć zużycie. Szczególnie efektywną poprawę można uzyskać, stosując spieki kompozytów ziarnistych składające się z faz ceramicznych (CMC). Prezentowana praca przedstawia odporność na zużycie kawitacyjne kilku materiałów kompozytowych w odniesieniu do jednofazowych spieków tlenkowych (korundu oraz tetragonalnych polikryształów dwutlenku cyrkonu). Porównane zostały wartości zużycia objętościowego oraz mechanizmy zniszczenia poszczególnych materiałów. Te ostatnie określano poprzez szczegółową obserwację stanu powierzchni na różnych etapach zużycia.
9
Content available Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Alloys Used in Cathodic Protection of Hulls of Ships
Jasionowski R., Przetakiewicz D., Przetakiewicz W.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2014
|
Vol. 59, iss. 1
241--245
EN
Seawater is an aggressive environment which causes the necessity of using corrosion protection of hulls of ships. Cathodic protection is an effective prevention method which has been applied in this area for many years. In this method, potential of the ship’s hull is reduced by using galvanic anodes (so-called protectors), which are additionally exposed to cavitation erosion. Results of cavitation erosion resistance investigation of alloys commonly used in cathodic protection of hulls of ships, are presented in this paper. The tests were carried out on the three, most often applied materials which are zinc, aluminium and magnesium alloys. The investigated samples were subjected to cavitation conditions in a jet-impact laboratory stand. Destruction mechanism of the surface layer affected by working liquid was described. The highest cavitational erosion resistance among all studied alloys was exhibited by AlMg alloy.
PL
Agresywne środowisko wody morskiej powoduje konieczność ochronny przed korozją kadłubów statków. Skuteczną metodą jest od wielu lat stosowana ochrona katodowa Polega ona na obniżeniu potencjału kadłuba poprzez stosowanie anod galwanicznych (protektorów), które są dodatkowo narażone na erozję kawitacyjną. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań odporności na erozję kawitacyjną stopów stosowanych do ochrony katodowej kadłubów statków. Do badań wybrano trzy najczęściej stosowane stopy: cynku, aluminium i magnezu. Próbki poddawano obciążeniom kawitacyjnym na stanowisku strumieniowo-uderzeniowym Opisano mechanizm niszczenia warstwy wierzchniej materiału pod wpływem oddziaływania cieczy roboczej. Wykazano, iż największą odporność na erozję kawitacyjną wśród badanych stopów wykazuje stop aluminium AlMg.
10
Content available Methods of Geometric Surface Structure Measurement of AW-2017A Alloy after Cavitation Wear
Jasionowski R., Zarański Z.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
181--186
EN
Evaluation of the cavitation erosion resistance of structural materials is based on selected measurement method. Destruction of the sample surface caused by cavitation phenomenon can be evaluated in laboratory conditions by measuring few quantitative parameters e.g. loss of mass of sample, quantity or weight of detached particles, the area of the worn material, the average and the maximum depth of cavitation erosion, the change of surface roughness or the number of cavities on the surface. In this paper optical and profilometry methods of geometric surface structure measurement of AW-2017A alloy after cavitation wear, were presented and compared. The optical method was carried out on Nikon Eclipse MA200 light microscope and profilometry method was performed using TOPO 01P v3D profilometer.
11
Content available Abrasive Wear of Fine-grained Ni3Al Intermetallic Alloys
Zasada D., Jasionowski R., Bałdyga K.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
187--192
EN
Influence of chemical composition and material structure on the abrasive wear of Ni3Al intermetallic alloy in loose abrasive was investigated in details. Boron, zirconium and chromium were used as the alloying elements. The alloys are made up of &gamma' or &gamma'+&gamma phases (single-phase, ordered matrix + disordered area). Grain size of the alloys was varied: 5, 20 and 45 &mi m. Abrasive were experiments were performed with T-07 tester (Norma company) in accordance to the GOST 23.2008-79 standard. Mechanism of surface layer damaging exposed to the loose abrasive was described on the basis of the obtained structural and topographical experiments. The results revealed that relative abrasive wear in loose abrasive is approximately same for all the investigated alloys with varied grain size.
12
Content available The effect of aluminum content on the microstructure and cavitation wear of feal intermetallic alloys
Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Polkowski W.
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2014
|
Vol. 8, no. 1
49--52
EN
Intermetallic-based alloys (so called intermetallics) of the Fe-Al binary system are modern construction materials, which in re- cent decades have found application in many branches of the power, chemical and automotive industries. High resistance of FeAl based alloys to cavitational erosion results first of all from their high hardness in the as-cast state, large compressive stresses in the material, as well as homogeneous structure. In the present paper, the effect of aluminum content on the microstructure, texture and strain imple- mented upon cavitation wear of FeAl intermetallic alloys, have been analyzed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Obtained results of structural characterization indicates that with increasing aluminium content effects of orientation randomization (weakening of <100>//ND casting texture), grain refinement and rising of mechani- cal strenght (and so cavitational resistance) take place.
13
Content available remote Cavitation wear of ceramics. Part 1, Mechanisms of cavitation wear of alumina and tetragonal zirconia sintered polycrystals
Pędzioch Z., Jasionowski R., Ziąbka M.
Composites Theory and Practice
|
2013
|
R. 13, nr 4
288-292
EN
The usage of ceramic materials in applications endangered by intensive cavitation could limit erosion phenomena. In the presented work, cavitation erosion resistance of commonly used oxide phases (α-alumina, tetragonal zirconia) in structural application were investigated. Volumetric wear of both materials was compared to the wear rate of FeAl48 alloy. Both oxides were more resistant for cavitation than intermetallic phase. Observations by means of SEM technique showed that surface destructions run in a similar way for both investigated oxides. The degradation proceeded by removing of the whole grains from sintered body. However, in the alumina grains were removed from a wide area, opposite to the zirconia material, which was degraded in limited, ribbon-like areas. In this case destruction reached deeper than only the one grain into material.
PL
Użycie materiałów ceramicznych w zastosowaniach, w których materiał narażony jest na intensywną kawitację, może ograniczyć zużycie. W prezentowanej pracy zbadano odporność na zużycie kawitacyjne powszechnie stosowanych faz tlenkowych (α-tlenku glinu i tetragonalnego dwutlenku cyrkonu). Zużycie objętościowe obu materiałów porównano ze zużyciem stopu FeAl48. Oba tlenki były odporniejsze na zużycie niż faza międzymetaliczna. Stwierdzono, że dwutlenek cyrkonu jest odporniejszy na erozję kawitacyjną. Obserwacje SEM pokazały, że destrukcja powierzchni przebiega w obu tlenkach w podobny sposób. Zniszczenie polega na usuwaniu całych ziaren ze spieków. Jednakże, ziarna tlenku glinu usuwane są jako monoziarnowa warstwa na stosunkowo dużej powierzchni, a ziarna dwutlenku cyrkonu usuwane są z obszarów wzdłuż nieregularnych linii na głębokość conajmniej kilku ziaren.
14
Content available EBSD Strain Analysis of CuZn10 Cast Alloy During Cavitational Wear
Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Polkowski W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
51--56
EN
Microstreams of liquid formed during the implosion of cavitation bubbles and the effects of pressure waves coming from disappearing bubbles are the main causes of damage of the washed surface, leading to loss of material (the cavitation erosion). Repeated cavitation implosions cause non-uniform stress state resulting in the strengthening of the surface layer, change of micro-geometry and surface cracks leading to detachment of the material particles. Course of cavitation erosion process depends on the effects of plastic deformation at the beginning of the destruction. The aim of this study was analysis of plastic deformation by EBSD method of CuZn10 cast alloy at the beginning of the cavitation destruction process.
15
Content available EBSD Strain Analysis of CuZn10 Alloy in As-cast State and After Plastic Working and Annealing During Cavitational Wear
Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Polkowski W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 2 spec.
53--60
EN
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system in conjunction with scanning electron microscope (SEM) allows performing full material characterization which include analysis of individual grain orientations, crystal orientation, global and local texture, phase identification and distribution or microstrain mapping. EBSD technique may be also applied for assessing lattice strain introduced during local plastic deformation due to its close relationship with development of dislocation substructure. The aim of this study was analysis of surface deformation by EBSD method of CuZn10 alloy in as-cast state and after plastic working and annealing, with different grain size at the beginning of the cavitation destruction process. The local changes of plastic deformation inside each grain were expressed by Grain Orientation Spread (GOS) and Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) parameters.
16
Content available Destruction Mechanism of Z10400 Zn-based Alloy Subjected to Cavitational Erosion
Jasionowski R., Zasada D., Polkowski W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 2 spec.
48--52
EN
Z10400 zinc-based alloy has a very good casting properties and high resistance to corrosion. These two advantages make that Z10400 zinc-based alloy is commonly used for cathodic protection of hulls of ships. Cathodic anodes made of Z10400 zinc-based alloy in the propeller and flap rudder areas are also additionally exposed to the cavitation erosion. The aim of this work was to determine the cavitation erosion resistance of Z10400 zinc-based alloy, which is applied as protectors in cathodic protection of hulls of ships. The examination of cavitational erosion was carried out on a jet-impact measuring device. Study of the mechanism of the destruction of Z10400 alloy based on analysis was performed with scanning electron microscope Quanta 3d FEG and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) method.
17
Content available Procesy zużycia tribologicznego, kawitacyjnego i korozyjnego wybranych stopów aluminium do przeróbki plastycznej
Lachowicz M. M., Leśniewski T., Lachowicz M. B., Jasionowski R.
Tribologia
|
2012
|
nr 5
85--95
PL
Złożone procesy tribologiczne rozpatrywane są w literaturze jako suma procesów podstawowych oraz ich wzajemnego współoddziaływania. Z tego względu ich analiza zawsze wymaga rozpatrzenia również każdego z tych występujących procesów indywidualnie. Celem realizowanej pracy była ocena procesów zużycia tribologicznego, kawitacyjnego oraz korozyjnego pozostająca w korelacji z mikrostrukturą trzech stopów aluminium przeznaczonych do przeróbki plastycznej – przedstawicieli serii 2000, 5000 i 7000.
EN
Complex tribological processes in publications are considered as the sum of basic processes and reciprocal interactions. This produces problems with the analyses of results, because each occurring process must be analysed separately. The aim of the presented article was the estimation of wear processes, including tribological, cavitational and corrosional. Wear processes were investigated by comparing the microstructure of three used aluminium alloys, series 2000, 5000 and 7000, applied in plastic working.
18
Content available remote Structural aspects of corrosion resistance in alloys based on the Fe3Al intermetallic phase in the cast state
Lachowicz M. M., Haimann K., Lachowicz M. B., Jasionowski R., Pawlak S.
Materials Science Poland
|
2012
|
Vol. 30, No. 3
217--225
EN
This paper presents the results of investigation of four cast alloys based on the Fe3Al intermetallic phase. Microstructure tests using light microscopy, electron scanning microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods, have been performed. On this basis, a presence of particles rich in zirconium and molybdenum, and in case of the alloy with 28 at.% aluminium and 5 at.% chromium - the presence of sigma phase (FeCr), has been found. Also, the results of the study of the microstructure influence on the electrochemical corrosion resistance in the 5 % NaCl solution have been presented. The Fe-26Al-2Cr-1Mo-0.1Zr-0.005B at.% and Fe-26Al-5Cr-1Mo-0.1Zr-0.005B at.% alloys exhibited increased corrosion resistance in comparison to the Fe-23Al-1Mo-0.1Zr-0.005B at.% alloy without chromium addition. The appearance of the sigma phase in the alloy of Fe-28Al-5Cr-1Mo-0.1Zr-0.005B at.% chemical composition resulted in lowering the corrosion resistance of this alloy and a change in corrosion character from the pitting to the intercrystalline one.
19
Content available Badanie właściwości tribologicznych intermetali
Jasionowski R., Bryll K., Grabian J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 1s
87--90
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości tribologicznych wybranych intermetali w warunkach tarcia suchego. Określono wartość zużycia masowego badanych materiałów i żeliwnej przeciwpróbki. Przeprowadzono analizę mikroskopową zmian stanu powierzchni w celu identyfikacji mechanizmów zniszczenia intermetali.
EN
The paper presents tribological tests results of the selected intermetallics alloys in the conditions of dry friction . Tribological properties of the intermetallics alloys was investigated by mass wear. The microscopic examinations of the samples of intermetallics alloys in order to identify mechanisms of destruction have been determined.
20
Odporność na erozję kawitacyjną powłok elektroiskrowych
Jasionowski R., Podrez-Radziszewska M., Depczyński W., Radek N.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
2011
|
Vol. 32, nr 4
450-453
PL
Elektroiskrowe wytwarzanie powłok (ESD) jest procesem wyładowań iskrowych realizowanych przez wysokoprądowe impulsy elektryczne służące do naniesienia materiału elektrody na metalową powierzchnię. Krótki czas trwania impulsu elektrycznego pozwala na bardzo szybkie krzepnięcie materiału elektrody i prowadzi do tworzenia się powłoki o innych właściwościach niż materiał podłoża. Tak wytworzona powłoka ma dobrą odporność na ścieranie i dobrą odporność na korozję. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań odporności na erozję kawitacją powłok wytworzonych elektroiskrowo, które uzyskano za pomocą stanowiska pomiarowego typu strumieniowo-uderzeniowego. Stwierdzono korzystny wpływ wytworzonej powłoki na jej odporność na erozję kawitacyjną.
EN
Electrospark deposition (ESD) is a microwelding process using short duration, high-current electrical pulsed to deposit an electrode material on a metallic substrate. The short duration of the electrical pulse allows an extremely rapid solidification of the deposited material and results in the formation of a coating with properties different from those of the base material. Produced layer has good resistance to wear and good corrosion resistance. The paper presents results of investigation of cavitation erosion resistance of the coating produced by electrospark technology, using the flux-impact measuring device. It was found there is advantageous influence of the coating created by electrospark deposition on cavitational erosion resistance.
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