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Theoretical analysis of crosstalk between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin in focal brain-activation measurements by near-infrared topography

Kawaguchi H., Okui N., Sakaguchi K., Okada E.

Opto-Electronics Review

2008

Vol. 16, No. 4

404-412

The crosstalk between concentration changes in oxygenated haemoglobin and deoxygenated haemoglobin calculated by the modified Lambert-Beer law in near-infrared topography is theoretically investigated. The changes in intensity detected with probe pairs on the scalp caused by the concentration change in either oxygenated or deoxygenated haemoglobin induced by the focal brain activation is predicted by Monte Carlo simulation. The topographic images of the changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin are obtained from the changes in the intensity of light at two wavelengths detected by probe pairs to evaluate the crosstalk. The crosstalk slightly depends on the positional relationship between the probe arrangement and the focal brain activation and is minimised when the focal brain activation is located below a measurement point that is the midpoint between a probe pair. The 690-/830-nm wavelength pair is practically effective for reducing the crosstalk, especially the crosstalk from oxygenated haemoglobin to deoxygenated haemoglobin, in the NIR topography.

Friction and wear properties of polyol ester, polyalphaolefin and their blended oils containing MoDTC and ZnDTP

Muraki M., Aoyanagi M., Sakaguchi K.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2002

Vol. 7, Spec. is

397-402

The effect of MoDTC with and without ZnDTP on reduction in friction and wear was determined under partial EHL conditions with a two roller machine, where the experiments were conducted using polyalphaolefin (PAO), polyol ester (POE), and their blended oils as the base fluids. When using PAO as a base fluid, a significant friction and wear reducing effect appeared at a low Mo concentration. On the contrary, the coefficient of friction and the wear amount in POE containing MoDTC with and without ZnDTP increased with increasing Mo concentration. In the blended oils containing MoDTC with a constant Mo concentration, the additive effect decreased as the ratio of POE was increased. This indicates that the co-adsorption between POE and MoDTC onto the rubbing surface prevented the formation of an effective boundary lubrication film. The experimental results also showed that a friction and wear-reducing effect depends on the ratio of concentration of ZnDTP to that of POE.