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Investigation and characterization of hardening of AISI 4140 steel using Nd:YAG laser

Cinar O., Mackan N. M., Gulluoglu A. N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

2014

Vol. 65, nr 1

32--36

Purpose: In this research, our aim was to propose an alternative to the conventional hardening methods, laser spot welding, thus laser hardening through the solid state reaction. Design/methodology/approach: Instead of diode lasers, the Neodymium:YAG Laser was used by applying different voltage, time and depths of laser and the parameters of hardening and the differences induced in the hardness’s of the specimens were investigated. Findings: The hardness of the specimens depending on the depths laser, from the edge to the deep of the specimens were measured. The metallographic examination (transformation due to the heating-cooling cycles) and the SEM analysis was made to complete the characterization. Research limitations/implications: Using Nd:YAG laser, the hardening process was easy to operate offering several advantages such as possibility of working in very small and narrow areas altering the voltage and depths of laser facilely and obtaining high hardness values due to transformation of microstructure without need of secondary quenchant. Originality/value: In this work, an alternative to the conventional hardening methods, laser spot welding was applied to AISI 4140 steel surface, which is widely used in the industry, thus laser hardening through the solid state reaction was achieved.

In the jewelry, brazing and laser welding with parameter optimization

Kallek M., Ataoglu S., Yagci Y., Bozkurt H. N., Gulluoglu A. N.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2012

Vol. 57, iss. 2

525-536

In this study, brazing and laser welding were experimentally compared for 9, 14 and 18 carat gold alloys in different color. The gold alloys were joined by laser welding and brazing and the microstructure, hardness, chemical composition, color of the weld joints were investigated. According to study, in laser welding, voltage, pulse duration, pulse diameter and frequency are the most important welding parameters that influence the quality of joints. Welded joints are characterized using three geometric parameters: penetration depth, width of heat affected zone and underfill defects. Finally, optimum laser welding parameters of different color of 9, 14 and 18 carat gold alloys were determined. It is observed that laser welding has numerous advantages compared to the other joining techniques used in the jewelry industry.

W pracy, porównano eksperymentalnie lutowanie i spawanie laserowe 9, 14 i 18 karatowych stopów złota o różnym kolorze. Zbadano mikrostrukturę, twardość, skład chemiczny i kolor połączeń. Wyniki badań spawania laserowego wskazują, że napięcie, czas trwania impulsu, średnica impulsu i częstotliwość to najważniejsze parametry, które wpływają na jakość połączeń. Spawane połączenia opisać można przy użyciu trzech geometrycznych parametrów: głębokość penetracji, szerokość strefy wpływu ciepła i defektów wypełnienia. Ustalono optymalne parametry spawania laserowego 9, 14 i 18 karatowych stopów złota o różnym kolorze. Stwierdzono, że spawanie laserowe ma wiele zalet w porównaniu do innych technik łączenia stosowanych w przemyśle jubilerskim.