Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Regulated deficit irrigation of rhododendrons grown in containers

Matysiak B., Koniarski M., Treder W.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2017

|

nr II/1

509--519

EN

The effect of deficit irrigation imposed in July-August period on shoot growth and flower formation in container grown rhododendron in commercial nursery were assessed. Plants were exposed to three irrigation regimes based on potential evapotranspiration rates (100% ET0 - well-watered control plants, 75% ET0 - moderate drought and 50% ET0 - severe drought). The values of evapotranspiration were calculated using the Penman-Monteith model. The degree of drought had significant effect on the plant growth and water status of plants. Severe drought inhibited secondary shoot elongation compared to less stressful regime but did not affect flower formation. ‘Catawbiense Boursault’, ‘Nova Zembla’ and ‘Pearce’s American Beauty’ plants exposed to severe drought were shorter, respectively by 39, 45 and 86% than well-irrigated plants and two of the three cultivars ‘Catawbiense Boursault’ and ‘Pearce’s American Beauty’ produced fewer secondary branches (5.9 and 0.3) compared to control plants (9.2 and 1.7, respectively). Moderate drought did not affect plant growth but resulted in flower bud formation in ‘Nova Zembla’ and ‘Pearce’s American Beauty’s cultivars. Estimated water consumption by rhododendrons throughout the whole growing season was reduced by 15% for moderate and 25% for severe drought compared to control, well-watered plants. The results have significant implications for water conserving in commercial production of rhododendrons.

2

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation imposed in the fall on cold hardiness of woody plants

Matysiak B., Treder W.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2017

|

nr II/1

555--566

EN

In temperate zone, early freeze, particularly if preceded by a period of warm and wet weather, can severely injure many woody plants. The young plants are particularly sensitive to frost, especially those grown in containers. The timing and capacity of cold acclimation are modified by environmental cues. We examined whether regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) imposed in the fall affects cold acclimation of containerized Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)‘Columnaris’ and Knaphill-Exbury azalea (Rhododendron) ‘Oxydol’. Three-year-old plants were grown in containers placed in the open field and were cultivated according to standard nursery practice. In the end of growing season (from 5th October to 2nd November 2015, half of the plants were expose to moderated water stress by ceasing irrigation and protecting them from the rain (RDI treatment). The volumetric water content of the growing medium gradually decreases in this time from 0.45 to 0.2 m3/m3. Irrigation of the second part of the plants were continued in October and water content was maintained at 0.45 m3/m3 (control treatment). Cold hardiness of stem tissues was assessed two times (2nd November and 7th December) in the laboratory using the ion-leakage test. Stem tissue were exposed to 6 test temperatures, ranging from +4 to – 26˚C. Additionally, plant quality after overwintering was evaluated. Freeze tolerance of plant stems of both woody plants was significantly higher in December than November. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) generally increased cold hardiness of Lawson cypress in November as well as in December. At RDI treatment, ion-leakage from plant tissue frozen to - 26˚C was lower by 20% in the first time of assessment, and by 8% in the second time. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) increased cold hardiness of azalea stems only in November, but did not affect frost hardiness in December. At water deficit treatment, ion-leakage from plant tissue frozen to - 26˚C was lower by 12% than at control treatment. This study demonstrated that reduced water supply early autumn promoting acclimating to low winter temperatures.

3

Problemy przeróbki osadów ściekowych w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków

Bień J., Bień J., Matysiak B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

|

2001

|

Z. 15

281-285

PL

Problemy przeróbki osadów ściekowych w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków. W referacie omówiono problematykę przerobu osadów ściekowych, powstających w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków. Przedstawiono główne zadania gospodarki osadowej, obejmujące procesy stabilizacji, odwodnienia i utylizacji. Stwierdzono, że gospodarka osadowa stanowi nadal poważny problem, wymagający dalszych badań i udoskonaleń.

EN

The results of wastewater sludge treatment from municipal wasewater treatment plant have been described in the paper. The main tasks of sludge management such a stabilisation, de-watering, utilisation has been shown. The author indicates, that sludge managment is still crucial problem and it needs more researches and improvements.

4

Wpływ dawki wybranych polielektrolitów na właściwości reologiczne osadów ściekowych

Bień J. B., Matysiak B., Bień J. D.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2001

|

T. 4, nr 1

27-39

PL

Przedstawiono badania dotyczące charakterystyk reologicznych osadów przefermentowanych kondycjonowanych polielektrolitami: Praestol 630 BC, Zetag 92 i Renfloc 28486. Na podstawie testu CSK dobrano optymalne dawki polielektrolitów, dla których wykonano badania reologiczne. Próbki kondycjonowanych osadów poddawano w reometrze prędkościom ścinania w zakresie 0 - 2000 s-1 w ciągu 120 s i mierzono odpowiadające im naprężenia styczne. Badania wykazały, że niepreparowany osad przefermentowany posiada najmniejszą granicę płynięcia. Wartość granicy płynięcia osadów kondycjonowanych polielektrolitami Praestol 630 BC i Renfloc 28468 wzrasta ze wzrostem pierwszych trzech dawek, a dla dawki 4,5 obniża się. Natomiast dla Zetagu 92 wraz ze wzrostem dawki wzrasta granica płynięcia.

EN

Application of rheology in water and sludge treatment is connected with the flow character of sludge that is left when sewage is cleaned mainly in sedimentation and coagulation process at the wastewater treatment plant. The viscosity of sewage sludge is not a constant value in defined condition of pressure and temperature but it also depends on a shear rate. The practical usability of rheological experiment results from not only the relationship between sludge structure and rheological features but also technological characteristic of sludge treatment. Sewage sludge is a multiphase and polydispersial unit where sludge water forms continuous phase but solids and sometimes gas bubbles form disperse phase. The ratio of solid phase to liquid one dependson sludge hydration. The removal of water content from sewage sludge is one of the most important action that leads to decrease of sludge volume. The process of sludge conditioning has impact on sludge structure and its properties and also allows for more effective water removal. The change of sludge structure may cause a considerable weakening of bonding power between water and solids and it will cause easier water removal during mechanical dewatering. Proper choice of polyelectrolyte increases the purity of eluate and decreases the sludge hydration. However, besides the quality of polyelectrolyte the very important factor that has an effect on sludge dewatering is the right selection of polyelectrolyte's dose. The choice of poly-electrolyte's dose should be made on the basis of experimental measurements conducted in the wastewater treatment plant. The bad selection of polyelectrolyte's dose may cause increased operating costs or get worse efficiency of sludge dewatering. The rheological tests were carried out to optimise the process of sludge conditioning in operating mode. The paper presents the rheological characteristic of digested sludge with following poly-electrolytes: Praestol 630BC, Zetag 92 and Renfloc 28486. On the CST the optimal dose of polyelectrolyte was selected. The samples of sludge were analysed in Rheometer RC20 in the constant temperature 20°C with shear rate of O-2000 s-1 during 120 seconds. The properties of digested sludge were as following: pH = 7.35; dry solids 20 g/dm3; organic matter 67.8%; mineral matter 32.2%; hydration 98%; CST 1803 s; zeta potential -24,4 mV. The results showed that thanks to addition of polyelectrolyte a compact solid cluster was created. In the case of Praestol 630 BC and Zetag 92 the process of coagulation proceeded much better in comparison with Renfloc 28486 because the boundary surface between solid and liquid phase was reduced. The increase of polyelectrolyte's dose causes the increase of flocculating sludge particle size in all cases. The rheological experiments showed the impact of shear stress on floes in process of conditioning. Digested sludge without addition of polyelectrolyte had the lowest yield point. The yield point value increases for sludge with Praestol 630 BC and Renfloc 28468 for the first three polyelectrolyte's doses but at 4.5 mg/dm3 dose it decreases. The increase of polyelectrolyte's dose causes the increase of yield point for Zetag 92. The rheology of sewage sludge can be applied as an additional control parameter for optimising of chemical conditioning. The value of polyelectrolyte's dose prior to good dewatering can be read from rheological curves.

5

Charakterystyki reologiczne osadów ściekowych kondycjonowanych polielektrolitami

Bień J. B., Matysiak B., Bień J. D.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2001

|

T. 4, nr 2

161-170

PL

Przedstawiono badania dotyczące charakterystyk Teologicznych osadów przefermentowanych (pobranych za otwartymi komorami fermentacyjnymi) kondycjonowanych polielektrolitami: Praestol 630 BC, Zetag 92 i Renfloc 28486. Na podstawie testu CSK dobrano optymalne dawki polielektrolitów, dla których wykonano badania reologiczne. Próbki kondycjonowanych osadów poddawano w reometrze prędkościom ścinania w zakresie (0-2000 s-1 w ciągu 120 s i mierzono odpowiadające im naprężenia styczne. Analiza pozornych krzywych płynięcia pozwala na stwierdzenie, że w porównaniu z osadem niepreparowanym osady kondycjonowane polielektrolitami charakteryzują się większymi naprężeniami stycznymi. Wartość granicy płynięcia dla osadów niepreparowanych wynosi 3,750 Pa. Natomiast granica płynięcia dla osadów kondycjonowanych Praestolem 630 BC mieści się w zakresie od 3,625 do 15,636 Pa, dla osadów kondycjonowanych Zetagiem 92 od 2,673 do 4,912 Pa oraz dla osadów kondycjonowanych poli-elektrolitem Renfloc 28486 od 2,332 do 6,036 Pa.

EN

The application of rheology in water and wastewater treatment is related to non-Newtonian character of sludge flow. The sewage sludge is formed mainly after coagulation and sedimentation processes in wastewater treatment plants. The practical application of the rheological experiment is related to the relationship between sludge structure and its rheological features, as well as sludge structure and ways of its treatment. The treatment of sludge is connected with dewatering processes which lead to the reduction of water volume. The process of sludge conditioning has an impact on the changes of sludge structure and properties and allows for more effective water removal. Practically the following conditioning methods are used: - chemical conditioning, - mechanical conditioning, - thermal conditioning. Among them the chemical method is commonly used for sludge conditioning. The added organic or non-organic substances build up floc strength, increase the floc volume through agglomeration of colloidal solids and create resistance to shearing and compression. The rheological tests were carried out for sewage sludge after the digestion process in open digesters. The samples of sludge were conditioned by means of different polyelectrolytes: Praestol 630 BC, Zetag 92, Renfloc 28486. Based on the CST test the optimum doses of polyelectrolytes were determined and added to sludge prior to rheological measurements. The samples of conditioned sludge were analyzed in a rheometer RC20 at the controlled shear rates from 0 to 2000 s-1 during 120 s, and the responding shear stresses were measured. The samples were analyzed at a constant temperature of 20°C kept using the ultra-thermostat. The physicochemical characteristics of sludge were following: pH = 7.5; total solids 20 g/dm3, organic matter content 61%, mineral fraction content 39%, initial hydration 97.9%, CST 1803 s, electro kinetic potential - 8.79 mV. Microscopic pictures of sludge structure allow for easier observation of sludge changes during conditioning process. The effect of increased polymer dose on the size of flocs was observed. The rheological experiments show the impact of shear stress on flocs in process of conditioning. The analysis of rheological curves allows to find that conditioned sludge has the higher value of shear stress than unprepared sludge. The yield stress for digested non-prepared sludge was of 3.750 Pa. For sludge conditioned with Praestol 630 BC, Zetag 92 and Renfloc 28486 the yield stresses varied within the range of 3.625 - 15.636 Pa, 2.673 - 4.912 Pa and 2.332 - 6.036 Pa, respectively. Bigger yield stress at increased polyelectrolyte dose indicates that flocs are stronger. The higher is value of initial shear stresses the stronger are the flocs. This was confirmed by examining the photographs of sludge structure. Preliminary studies confirmed the feasbility of application of rheological parameters for determination of optimum dose of polyelectrolyte for conditioning processes prior to sewage sludge dewatering.

6

Badania nad możliwością przetwarzania pozostałości koksowych po pirolizie osadów ściekowych w brykiety

Bień J. B., Bień J. D., Matysiak B.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2000

|

T. 3, nr 1/2

157-162

PL

Przesdtawiono badania dotyczące brykietowania pozostałości koksowych otrzymywanych po procesie pirolizy osadów ściekowych z oczyszczalni komunalno-przemysłowej. Pozostałość koksowa (koksik) posiada właściwości energetyczne, dzięki którym może znaleźć zastosowanie jako dodatek do paliw lub paliwo alternatywne. Jednakże z uwagi na stan fizyczny otrzymywanych koksików konieczne jest ich przetworzenie w formę scaloną, dogodną do magazynowania oraz transportu. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań przeprowadzonych zgodnie z normą PN-80/G-97081.

EN

In the curent paper the possibilities of char briquetting is discussed. After sewage sludge pyrolysis three different products are obtained. These include: oil, gas and char. Each of these product has a specific calorific value, which cause a possibility of energetic use. Char is the one which amount in the products is the greatest. However the physical state of char received after sludge pyrolysis is not the most suitable for transport or storage. The paper presents the results of research on char briquetting according to PN-80/G-97081.

7

Zagospodarowanie i utylizacja niektórych osadów ściekowych

Bień J. B., Bień J. D., Matysiak B., Kuzior A.

Przegląd Komunalny

|

1999

|

nr 2

86-89

PL

Powstające na oczyszczalniach ścieków osady stanowią istotny problem, który powinien już być rozwiązany na etapie projektowania. Projektując gospodarkę osadową nie wolno zapominać o najważniejszych zagadnieniach, jakimi są zagospodarowanie i utylizacja osadów.