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1

Piotrkowski garnizon Wojska Polskiego w latach 1918–1939

Gil R., Kubicki M.

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2017

|

Nr 2

158--173

PL

Decyzja władz zaborczych o powołaniu garnizonu wojskowego w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim zmieniła losy miasta na kolejne stulecia. Piotrków Trybunalski w okresie międzywojennym należał do województwa łódzkiego. Stanowił ośrodek administracyjny (siedzibę starostwa powiatu piotrkowskiego), gospodarczy i handlowy. Po zakończeniu I wojny światowej miasto było także znaczącym garnizonem Wojska Polskiego. Żołnierze garnizonu piotrkowskiego, początkowo rozproszeni po licznych prowizorycznych kwaterach, z czasem zajmowali stałe, specjalnie dla nich przygotowywane kompleksy koszarowe. Przez całe dwudziestolecie międzywojenne w mieście stacjonowały dwa pułki piechoty (26. i 25.), znajdowało się w nim także dowództwo brygady i centrum okręgu uzupełnień. Garnizon wykorzystywał bazę koszarową, ćwiczebną i pomocniczą. Zasilił Wojsko Polskie doskonale wyszkolonymi żołnierzami, oficerami i urzędnikami wojskowymi, miejscowej ludności zaś pozostawił rozbudowaną infrastrukturę.

EN

The decision of the foreign occupant authorities to create a military garrison in Piotrkow Trybunalski has changed the history of the city for centuries to come. In the interwar period, Piotrkow belonged to the Lodi Voivodeship. It was also an administrative (the County Governor's Office), economic and trading center. After the end of World War I, the city also became an important garrison of the Polish Army. The soldiers of the Piotrkow garrison, initially scattered in numerous temporary quarters, gradually moved to a specially prepared complex of barracks. Throughout the interwar period, the city was home to two infantry regiments (the 26th and the 25th), a brigade command and the regional replenishment center. The garrison used the barracks, the exercise areas and the auxiliary base. It reinforced the Polish Army with highly trained troops, officers and military officials, and left a well-developed infrastructure to the local community.

2

Stanowisko laboratoryjne do badań algorytmów sterowania robotami mobilnymi z wizyjnym sprzężeniem zwrotnym

Figurowski D., Brasel M., Kubicki M.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2016

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R. 20, nr 3

71--76

PL

W artykule poruszono tematykę związaną z opracowaniem platformy badawczo-dydaktycznej przeznaczonej dla robotów mobilnych. Omawiane stanowisko zostało zbudowane na Wydziale Elektrycznym Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie jako platforma przeznaczona do projektowania i testowania algorytmów sterowania z wizyjnym sprzężeniem zwrotnym. W artykule poruszono przyczyny budowy takiej platformy wraz z odniesieniem się do istniejących rozwiązań, które powstały w innych ośrodkach badawczych. W dalszej części opisano wymagania postawione opracowanej platformie, a także omówiono konstrukcję prototypu platformy, zastosowane roboty mobilne oraz komponenty sprzętowe systemu. Następnie poruszono zagadnienie wizji maszynowej oraz przedstawiono opracowany algorytm analizy obrazu 2D. Artykuł kończy się podsumowaniem, w którym zamieszczono perspektywę rozwoju stanowiska oraz zarysowano plan wykorzystania opracowanej platformy do badań naukowych, jak i celów dydaktycznych.

EN

The article presents the development of an academic platform dedicated to mobile robots. This stand was built in West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin as a platform on which control systems with visual feedback could be devised and tested. In the article a motivation for such station was presented with acknowledging already existing solutions developed by other research groups. Further, platform requirements were presented as well as its construction, mobile robots and hardware components. A general outline of the machine vision problem is given, as well as a detailed description of a 2D image analysis algorithm devised for the designed platform. The article ends with a summary in which a concept of using the platform for research and didactics is given as well as its further development.

3

Method of friction modeling and identification in PMSM

Kubicki M., Pietrusewicz K., Waszczuk P.

Measurement Automation Monitoring

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2016

|

Vol. 62, No. 9

308--311

EN

Friction forces present in the PMSM motor exert a very negative influence on its working parameters. Those effects are extremely nonlinear and their consequences have to be acknowledged at designing both the motor’s mechanical construction and its control system. This paper describes a friction coefficients identification method in the PMSM based on the mathematical model. The results of simulation research have been backed up by the real-world object testing. In the first section of this paper a brief summary of the most important aspects of PMSM motors was included while the second one focuses on the theoretical description of friction model that was used during research. Third part of this paper is focused on the detailed description of the PMSM motor model and its simplifying assumptions. The fourth section contains a description and results of concluded research in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally, the article concludes with comparison of theoretical results and experimental results obtained from real-world motor.

4

First Measurements of the Earth’s Electric Field at the Arctowski Antarctic Station, King George Island, by the New Polish Atmospheric Electricity Observation Network

Kubicki M., Odzimek A., Neska M., Berliński J., Michnowski S.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 6

2630--2649

EN

Atmospheric electricity measurements are performed all over the globe for getting a better understanding of the processes and phenomena operating in the Earth’s electric atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere. Over recent years, we have established coordinated observations of atmospheric electricity, mainly of the vertical component of the Earth’s atmospheric electric field, from Polish observation stations: Stanisław Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory in Świder, Poland, Stanisław Siedlecki Polar Station in Hornsund, Svalbard, Norway, and, for the first time, the Henryk Arctowski Antarctic Station in King George Island. The organisation of this network is presented here as well as a preliminary summary of geophysical conditions at Arctowski, important from the point of view of atmospheric electricity observations. In particular, we refer to the geomagnetic observations made at Arctowski station in 1978-1995. We also present the average fair-weather diurnal variation of the atmospheric electric field based on observations made so far between 2013 and 2015.

5

Badania rozkładu gęstości elektronowej w kryształach, czyli jak zobaczyć szczegóły struktury elektronowej cząsteczek

Kubicki M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2014

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[Z] 68, 5-6

403--427

EN

X-ray structural analysis might be regarded as a method of visualizing molecules as they appear in the crystals. The model, which is conventionally and universally used in this method, the Independent Atom Model (IAM) assumes that the electron density distribution, which scatters the X-rays is built of the spherically-symmetrical, neutral atoms. This model is responsible for the unprecedented success of X-ray structural analysis, which reflects in about one million crystal structures (i.e. the sets coordinates of the atoms constituting the molecules) deposited in the various databanks (cf. Fig. 1), and in the speed and accuracy which the method has reached. In principle, in few hours one can get the complete information about the crystal structure. But this success is accompanied by negligence of the scientific virtue hidden beyond the IAM. In fact, it was known from the very beginning of the X-ray diffraction studies by von Laue and Braggs, that some fine details of the electron density distribution should be available. The technological advance (four-circle diffractometers, powerful X-ray sources, fast computers etc.) caused that in 1960’s the time was ripe for the development of the experimental studies of details of electron density distribution in the crystals, beyond the IAM. The early experiments by Coppens and co-workers proved that this information – about the electron density transferred to the covalent bonds, lone pairs, even intermolecular interactions – can actually be obtained and analyzed (Fig. 2). The need for the model which could be used in the least-squares procedure led to the formulation of so-called pseudoatom models, including the most popular till now, Hansen-Coppens model (eq. 2) in which the aspherical part is described in terms of real spherical harmonics. In this paper, the basics of the electron density studies is described in some detail, including the step-by-step description of a typical procedure from the experiment to the final steps of refinement. An example of the analysis of the high-resolution structure of 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitro-5-morpholine-imidazole hydrate is used to show an application of this method in studying the intermolecular interactions, including weak C-H···O and C-H···N hydrogen bonds. It is shown that the multipolar model is able to deliver more informations than the promolecular model with spherically symmetrical electron distributions.

6

Przegląd metod pomiaru szczelności elementów elektronicznych

Kubicki M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektroniki i Informatyki Politechniki Koszalińskiej

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2012

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Nr 4

67--82

PL

Artykuł przedstawia przegląd metod pomiaru szczelności elementów elektronicznych zawartych w standardach przemysłowych oraz przedstawianych w literaturze alternatywnych metod pomiaru.

EN

The article present review of methods for hermeticity testing of electronic components included in the industrial standards and alternative methods presented in the literature.

7

Stanowisko do pomiarów termoakustycznych

Kubicki M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 9

111-114

PL

Artykuł przedstawia realizację stanowiska do pomiarów termoakustycznych. Technika termoakustyczna opisana w publikacjach [1-3] może znaleźć zastosowanie przy badaniu szczelności elementów elektronicznych w szczególności tranzystorów mocy w obudowach metalowych, stanowiąc nieniszczącą metodę alternatywną dla niszczących testów szczelności określonych poprzez normy stosowane obecnie w przemyśle [4-5]. Metoda pomiaru opiera się na detekcji z użyciem mikrofonu, zmian ciśnienia powstających w szczelnej komórce pomiarowej w wyniku periodycznego wydzielania mocy w umieszczonym w niej elemencie badanym. W artykule zamieszczono również przykładowe wyniki pomiarowe uzyskane przy użyciu zaprojektowanego stanowiska pomiarowego.

EN

The article presents a realisation of a thermoacoustic test setup. The thermoacoustic measuring technique described in [1-3] can be used for measuring of hermeticity of electronic devices, particularly transistors in metal packages, being an non-destructive alternative for destructive hermeticity tests described in the standards used currently in the industry [4-5]. The measurement method used in the test setup is based on detection of pressure changes in a sealed test chamber being a result of periodic heat dissipation in the tested component. The article describes main parts of the test setup consisting of a power dissipation control circuit, a test chamber and a preamplifier circuit integrated with a test microphone. In addition example test results obtained with the designed test setup are presented.

8

Realizacja dedykowanej aplikacji wzmacniacza fazoczułego w środowisku LabVIEW

Kubicki M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

|

Vol. 53, nr 10

54-56

PL

Artykuł opisuje aplikację cyfrowego dwufazowego wzmacniacza fazoczułego, stworzoną w środowisku LabVIEW oparciu o kartę pomiarową NI-6251. Aplikacja pomiarowa stanowi część systemu akwizycji i przetwarzania danych pomiarowych układu testowego do pomiarów szczelności elementów elektronicznych z wykorzystaniem metody termoakustycznej. Termoakustyczna technika pomiarowa opisana w publikacjach [1-3] może być rozpatrywana jako nieniszcząca metoda alternatywna dla niszczących testów szczelności zawartych w standardach wykorzystywanych obecnie w przemyśle [10-11]. Artykuł zawiera analizę matematyczną algorytmu detekcji oraz opis aplikacji pomiarowej wraz z wynikami weryfikującymi poprawność detekcji sygnałowo amplitudzie rzędu 10žV, co jest wynikiem vystarczającym dla rozpatrywanego pola zastosowań.

EN

The article presents realisation of a dual phase digital lock-in amplifier based on the NI-6251 acquisition card and the application in the LabVIEW environment. The measuring application comprises a signal acquisition and processing part of the thermoacoustic test setup for hermecity testing of electronic devices. The thermoacustic measuring technique described in [1-3] can be considered as a non-destructive alternative for destructive hermeticity tests included in the standards currently used in the industry (10-11). The article includes mathematical analysis and description of the measuring application together with test results proving the ability of measuring signals of 10 žV. which is sufficient for the considered field of applications.

9

Estimation of global lightning activity and observations of atmospheric electric field

Gołkowski M., Kubicki M., Cohen M., Kułak A., Inan U.S.

Acta Geophysica

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2011

|

Vol. 59, no. 1

183-204

EN

Variations in the global atmospheric electric circuit are investigated using a wide range of globally spaced instruments observing VLF (~10 kHz) waves, ELF (~300 Hz) waves, Schumann resonances (4-60 Hz), and the atmospheric fair weather electric field. For the ELF/VLF observations, propagation effects are accounted for in a novel approach using established monthly averages of lightning location provided by the Lightning Image Sensor (LIS) and applying known frequency specific attenuation parameters for daytime/nighttime ELF/VLF propagation. Schumann resonances are analyzed using decomposition into propagating and standing waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Derived lightning activity is compared to existing global lightning detection networks and fair weather field observations. The results suggest that characteristics of lightning discharges vary by region and may have diverse effects upon the ionospheric potential.

10

Flavin-related Compounds: 3-Ethyl-lumiflavin. Combined DFT, NMR, X-ray and EI Mass Spectral Study

Sikorska E., Hernando J., Bourdelande J. L., Khmelinskii I., Kubicki M., Komasa A., Prukała D., Sikorski M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2008

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Vol. 82, nr 11

2141-2152

EN

3-Ethyl-lumiflavin was characterized by a variety of methods. Laser flash photolysis measurements in methanol solutions yielded a triplet state living 9.5 ms and a radical species living 91mi s, with steady-state photolysis quantum yields below 10-5. Fluorescence life time of 4.5 ns and quantum yield of 0.16 was recorded in aqueous solu tions. Crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction was quite similar to the geometry of an isolated molecule calculated using the DFT approach, with the observed differences attributable to a non linear hydrogen bond existing in the crystal solid. EI mass spectra revealed a fragmentation path specific to this compound and in existent in lumiflavin or other similar compounds, due to ejection of a C2H5-N=C=O molecule, containing the ethyl substituent of the parent molecule.

11

Air aerosol sampling station AZA-1000 at Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, Spitsbergen

Mysłek-Laurikainen B., Matul M., Mikołajewski S., Trzaskowska H., Preibisz Z., Garanty I., Kubicki M., Rakowski P., Krynicki T., Stefański M.

Nukleonika

|

2006

|

Vol. 51, nr 2

137-140

EN

The high volume air sampler AZA-1000 was built in the Environmental Protection Laboratory of the Andrzej Sołtan Institute for Nuclear Studies. In July 2002, this air sampler AZA-1000 was installed in the Polish Polar Observatory of the Polish Academy of Science in Hornsund, Spitsbergen. The device was built with numerous specific features which make possible to operate such station in extra difficult climatic conditions of polar region. Since July 2002, radioactive aerosols were collected at the Petrianov filter tissue FPP-15-1.5 and measured using high resolution g spectrometry in the Environmental Protection Laboratory at Świerk. The concentration of the airborn, cosmogenic radionuclide 7Be and of other natural and man maid radionuclides like 137Cs was determined. A comparison of the preliminary results with those from the ASS-500 sampling station operating at Świder is presented.

12

Odlewnictwo, a wargaming

Kubicki M.

Przegląd Odlewnictwa

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2005

|

Vol. 55, nr 5

340-343

PL

Opisano skrótowo historię i podstawy wargamingu oraz podano jego związek z odlewnictwem. Wskazano na doświadczenia autora artykułu zajmującego się od lat wargamingiem i przytoczono przyczyny zainteresowania się jego odlewnictwem stopów niskotopliwych. Zestawiono niektóre dane odnośnie technologii wykonywania figurek "cynowych" wykorzystywanych w wargamingu.

EN

The wargaming history and its bases are shortly described in the article as well as its relation to the foundry practice is given there. The experiences of the author who has been occupying himself for years with wargaming are indicated and reasons of his interest for the foundry practice of the low-melting alloys are presented. There also are put together some data on the technology of making "tin" figurines utilizing the wargaming.

13

Synthesis and Structure of N,N'-Diaryl Derivatives of trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane

Kwit M., Kubicki M., Borowiak T., Gawroński J.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2003

|

Vol. 77 / nr 11

1669-1682

EN

Synthesis of N,N_-diaryl derivatives of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) by palladium- catalyzed aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions is described. The conformation of the N-acetylated N,N_-diaryl derivatives of DACH has been studied by the computational, circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction methods. Reversal of the relative orientation of the N-aryl residues due to N-acetylation has been established.

14

REaction of N-Arylbenzamidines with Arenenitrile N-Oxides

Szczepankiewicz W., Borowiak T., Kubicki M., Suwiński J., Wagner P.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2002

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Vol. 76 / nr 8

1137-1142

EN

Looking for a method of 4-arylamino-4-aryl-3-aza-3-buten-2-one oximes preparation a reaction of N-arylbenzamidines with arenenitrile N-oxides (generated in situ form oximoyl chlorides) has been performed to produce unstable 5-amino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles,which under aqueous acidic conditions hydrolyzed to acyclic N-benzoyloxy-N'-arylareneamidines. Structure of one of the latter compounds has been confirmed by X-ray analysis.

15

Crystal and Molecular Structures of Two Antiarrythmic alfa-[(Diarylmethoxy) methyl]-1-piperidineethanols

Kubicki M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2001

|

Vol. 75, nr 9

1361-1366

EN

The crystal structures of two antiarrythmic piperidineethanols, _-{[(2-methylphenyl) phenylmethoxy]methyl}-2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidineethanol (1) and _-[(bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl) methoxy)methyl]-2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidineethanol (2) have been determined by X-ray structure analysis of single crystals. The piperidine rings are close to ideal chair conformations, the methyl substituents are in equatorial positions. Overall shapes of the molecules differ significantly: in compound 1 the oxygen atoms are in anti position, while in 2 their mutual disposition is gauche. Dihedral angles between the phenyl rings and C-O-C plane are close to 90_ for the mono- or di-substituted phenyl rings, while for the unsubstituted phenyl ring in 1 this value is smaller, equals 27.8(3)_. The bond angles in phenyl rings are influenced by the presence of methyl substituents. In both crystal structures the molecules make centrosymmetric dimers connected by strong O-H___N hydrogen bonds (piperidine nitrogen atoms act as acceptors).

16

Cine-Substitution of Nitro Group in 1-Aryl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles by Thiols; X-ray Diffraction Proof for the Product Structure

Suwiński J., Świerczek K., Wagner P., Kubicki M., Borowiak T.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2001

|

Vol. 75, nr 5

639-647

EN

1-Aryl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles react with 2-amino- or with 2-hydroxyethanethiols to give products of cine-substitution of the nitro group. 5-(2_-Hydroxyethylthio)-2- methyl-1-phenylimidazole has been isolated as a free base, other products in the form of dipicrates. A structure of 5-(2_-aminoethylthio)-2-methyl-1-phenylimidazole dipicrate was proved by X-ray diffraction.

17

The airborne radioactivity and electrical properties of ground level air

Mysłek-Laurikainen B., Matul M., Mikołajewski S., Trzaskowska H., Kubicki M.

Nukleonika

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2001

|

Vol. 46, nr 4

195-197

EN

The data presented in this work are the result of systematic measurements of radionuclide concentrations in air, collected with an ASS-500 high volume air sampler of the ground air monitoring network supervised by the Central Laboratory of Radiological Protection. Sampling has been done since March 1991. Simultaneously, the routine complex meteorological observations were performed. In particular, the electrical properties of ground level atmospheric air were studied with measurements of electrical field intensity, positive and negative conductivity of air and density of vertical current. The airborne 7Be concentration changes similarly to the electrical conductivity of air, while other isotopes, antropogenic or originating from the ground are correlated with dust and other meteorological factors like watering and wind.

18

Crystal and Molecular Structures of Two N-Derivatives of Succinimide: N-(1-Phenyl-4-imidazolyl)succinimide and N-Benzylsuccinimide

Kubicki M., Borowiak T., Suwiński J., Wagner P.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2000

|

Vol. 74, nr 12

1789-1791

EN

The crystal structures of two N-derivatives of succinimide, N-(1-phenyl-4-imidazolyl) succinimide, C13H11NO2 (1) and N-benzylsuccinimide, C11H11NO2 (2) have been determined by X-ray structure analysis of single crystals. In both compounds the succinimide rings are approximately planar and carbonyl oxygen atoms are coplanar with the ring planes. The dihedral angle between succinimide and imidazole ring planes in 1 is 71.9(1), while in 2 the dihedral angle between the planar fragments equals 83.82(6). In both structures the crystal packing is determined by van der Waals forces and weak C–HO hydrogen bonds.

19

Crystal and molecular structures of three anxiolytic pyrazolopyridines

Kubicki M., Codding P.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

1999

|

vol. 73 nr 4

693-706

EN

The crystal structures of three pyrazolopyridines, ethyl 4-amino-6-ethyl-1-pentyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinum-5-oate chloride hydrate C16H25N4O2+ × Cl- (2), and 4-amino-1-pentyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-N-(2-propenyl)carboxamide C15H21N5O (3) have been determined by X-ray structure analysis of single crystals. The ethyl and isopropyl substituents in compounds 1 and 2, respectively, which are in ortho position relative to the ester group, cause a twist of the O=C-O-C plane with respect to the plane of pyrazolopyridine ring system. In the absence of that steric hindrance, in compound 3, the intramolecular N(amine)-H…O hydrogen bond closes the nearly planar six-membered ring. The coplanarity of the ester or amide plane with the plane of ring system is probably a necessary condition for the significant anxiolytic action. In both cations, the protonation takes place at the pyridine nitrogen atom. In the crystal structures of salts there are separate layers of anions and cations. In the free base, intermolecular hydrogen bonds make infinite chains of molecules.