This study presents an approach for characterizing the path of strength failure in pre-cracked soft rocks using the Weibull distribution. Based on the energy obtained from experiments, the damage propagation mechanism and energy dissipation mode of soft rocks were studied. The results indicate that the damage of soft rock forms a diffusion path starting from the two ends of the prefabricated crack, following a characterization model of the Weibull distribution. The dissipation and mutation of energy are the key factors related to the overall instability of the soft rock, and a damage amplification effect area of the soft rock is formed around the prefabricated cracks.
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