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2 2024

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Studying the Effects of Pollutants from Industrial Facilities on Soil and Plant Pollution

Albadry Noor Al-Huda Nadhim, Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 8

316--330

Industrial facilities that participate significantly in the production of many human needs and are useful in various activities. This study evaluates the impact of an electric power generation station, an oil refinery, and a brick factory on emissions and liquid waste that pollute soil and plants with lead and cadmium in the surrounding areas. Soil samples were taken in four dimensions, with a distance of 500 m between each sample. the results showed that the levels of heavy metals analyzed were high for both lead and cadmium, as the lead concentration ranged between 150.30–22.15, 240.40–30.20, and 250.33–21.91. The results indicated the total concentration of cadmium, which ranged between (0.50–2.20) and (0.9–2.51) and (0.55–1.66) mg·Cd·kg-1 soil for each of the electric power generation station, oil refinery, and brick factories, respectively. The highest value of the pollution factor was recorded at distance of 500 m, which amounted to 11.42, which is within the range of CF ˃ 6. This indicates very high pollution. As for the distance of 2000 m, it reached 3.65, which indicates high pollution. The highest value for the environmental risk index Er with lead in the soil of brick factories was at the distance of 500 and 1000 m, as it reached 57.10 and 41.10 respectively. It was with low limits to Moderately toxic to lead and moderate to highly toxic to cadmium. However, a mechanism must be developed to reduce the concentrations of these elements, which are enriched by these industrial facilities.

Employing Phytoremediation Methods to Extract Heavy Metals from Polluted Soils

Alawsy Wafaa Sahib Abbood, Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban, Al Jibury Dunya A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 6

352--361

The phytoremediation technique has become very efficient for treating soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted where the Dodonaea plant (known as hops) was grown, and soil previously contaminated with metals (Zn, Ni, Cd) was added at concentrations 100, 50, 0 mg·kg-1 for Ni and Zn, and at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 mg·kg-1 for cadmium. Irrigation was done within the limits of the field capacity of the soil. Cadmium, nickel and zinc was estimated in the soil to find out the capacity of plants to the absorption of heavy and contaminated metals by using bioconcentration factors (BCFs), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF). Additionally, BCF values of both Ni and Zn were less than one i.e. Dodonaea hazing moderate bioaccumulation properties based on heavy metals. As for BCF values of Cd, they have by passed, i.e. Dodonaea has the ability to the absorption of cadmium sulfate in the root system. Regarding the bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) values for Cd, Ni, and Zn, it was found that they were generally below one, indicating that Dodonaea exhibits moderate capabilities for bioaccumulating these heavy metals. Therefore, Dodonaea plant is useful in treating heavy metals. Highlighting a pioneering approach, this study introduces a novel method that significantly advances the understanding of phytoremediation’s role in reducing pollution caused by various industries working on the soil, specifically through the use of Dodonaea in the T3 treatment group, which showed remarkable efficacy on metal-contaminated soil.