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Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom ash from individual heating devices

Kozielska Barbara, Żeliński Jacek, Cieślar Mateusz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2022

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Nr 83

7--18

EN

Combustion of solid fuels such as coal, biomass and, contrary to the applicable law, waste in individual heating devices still remains a serious problem in Poland. It causes the generation of large amounts of pollutants and harmful substances contained not only in fly ash released into the air with smoke but also in the bottom ash, which constitutes a serious environmental problem. This paper presents the results of a comparative study on the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom ash from the combustion of hard coal (HC), wood (W) and a mixture of different solid fuels including municipal waste (MW), their sums and profiles. For the bottom ash samples taken for these fuels, the share of carcinogenic congeners in the sum of PAHs, toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity equivalents have also been determined. The highest content of total PAHs, amounting to an average of 20.7 ppb, was recorded for bottom ash obtained from combustion of a mixture of solid fuels and waste. For such ash, the toxicity and carcinogenicity equivalents were approximately twice as high as for other types of ash. Bottom ash was found to be dominated by benzo[a]anthracene, and the tetracyclic congeners accounted for 60-68% of all PAHs (W

PL

Spalanie paliw stałych, m.in. węgla, biomasy, a także, mimo zakazu, odpadów komunalnych w indywidualnych systemach grzewczych stanowi w Polsce nadal poważny problem. Powoduje to powstawanie dużych ilości zanieczyszczeń i szkodliwych substancji zawartych w pyłach, które trafiają wraz z dymem do powietrza bez jakiejkolwiek kontroli, a popiół paleniskowy będący odpadem stanowi poważny problem środowiskowy. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych zawartości 16 wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) w popiele paleniskowym pochodzącym ze spalania węgla kamiennego (HC), drewna (W) oraz mieszaniny różnych paliw stałych, w tym odpadów komunalnych (MW), ich sumy oraz profile. Wyznaczono także udział kancerogennych kongenerów w sumie WWA, równoważniki toksyczności, mutagenności i kancerogenności. Największą zawartość sumy WWA, wynoszącą średnio 20,7 ppb, odnotowano dla popiołu paleniskowego pochodzącego ze spalania mieszaniny paliw stałych i odpadów. Dla tego popiołu równoważniki toksyczności i kancerogenności były około dwa razy wyższe niż dla pozostałych popiołów. W popiołach dominował benzo[a]antracen, a czteropierścieniowe kongenery stanowiły 60–68% wszystkich WWA (W

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Using a UAV to Assess Air Pollution and Identify Dominant Emission Sources

Żeliński Jacek, Bigda Rafał, Kucbel Marek, Raclavská Helena, Šafář Michal, Švédová Barbora, Raclavský Konstantin, Juchelková Dagmara, Růžičková Jana, Telenga-Kopyczyńska Jolanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

134--144

EN

Central Europe is the region with the highest concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) in outdoor air. Weather conditions combined with a high industrialization of regions laying along the Czech Republic and Poland border influence the formation of long smog episodes with PM10 concentrations in the atmosphere at the value of several hundred micrograms in a cubic meter. However, it has been observed that the main source of particulates pollution in the area of the Polish-Czech border between the most populated areas of Ostrava and Katowice is the residential heating fired with solid fuels, participating at the level of not less than 21% in overall air contamination with dusts. It particularly concerns PM10, which is one of the major harmful air pollutants produced by the combustion of solid fuels such as biomass and coal. The measures leading to decrease the dust emission from coal burned individual heat sources include methods to eliminate old-type boilers not permitted by the law, as well as illegal incineration of fuels of bad quality or including admixture of wastes. It requires a new approach for effective identification of such sources, as well as for recognition of pollutants leaving household emitters and evaluation of their share in overall effect on human health. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with miniaturized sensors detecting gaseous and dust particles at the outlet of an individual emitter can compensate the lack of information unable to be obtain using traditional measurements. The use of UAVs to identify specific sources of air pollution is still at an early stage of development and there are not too many scientific publications on this topic so far. Despite it, this technology seems to be usable to create undemanding, low-cost and effective method of air pollution sources assessment. In the current article, some aspects of using UAVs for identification of especially troublesome emission sources located on residential areas are presented, including finding the dominant emission source, determining the optimal distance between a UAV and the emission source or the influence of the UAV altitude, movement and sampling time on measurement result.

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Periodic Inspections of Residential Heating Appliances for Solid Fuels: Review of Legal Regulations in Selected European Countries

Rychlewska Katarzyna, Telenga-Kopyczyńska Jolanta, Bigda Rafał, Żeliński Jacek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

54--62

EN

The article presents the legal framework of periodic control systems of individual heating devices in the Federal Republic of Germany, the Czech Republic and Switzerland. The scope of periodic inspections carried out in considered countries, the persons responsible for performing them, the method of data acquisition and administrative bodies responsible for supervising the fulfillment of the obligation, as well as the sanctions for law violations related to small heat sources operation in the residential sector were discussed.

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The impact of construction works conducted on the route DTŚ on a local air quality evaluated with the use of NO2 measurements

Mucha Walter, Żeliński Jacek

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 1

145--153

EN

One of the basic documents of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is the Environmental Impact Report. It contains information obtained during the investor's assessment of any impact on the environment that may be caused by the object - also from the side of construction works at the investment stage. The authors, on the basis of nitrogen dioxide concentration data obtained from continuous, multi month measurements carried out with the use of the OPSIS device over the diametrial route DTŚ construction site in Gliwice, have evaluated the NO2 emission impact on the atmospheric air at the construction phase. The measurements made by the authors enabled in verifying the correctness of the assessments and comments regarding the impact of construction works conducted on the route DTŚ on the atmospheric air in the construction phase, contained in the Environmental Impact Report.