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A Coherent Approach of Statistical Modelling to address the behavioural status of water consumption and available water resources for semi-urban areas in Southeast Asia

Tota-Maharaj Kiran, Surendran Seevali

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

2022

Nr 2

10--16

This study analysed recent water resources and water consumption datasets from semi-urban towns in the South Asian country of Sri Lanka. It presents a comprehensive assessment of behavioural status of water consumption over the past 5 years taking into consideration the impact on rainfall, precipitation patterns and temperature fluctuations. The findings provide important information on residential demand management and the threshold of consumption by residential users to apply in decision making process. Furthermore, this information informs policymakers, the water authority, and consumers not only in Sri Lanka, but across Southeast Asia and globally on critical water infrastructure, sustainable water resources and the applications of water forecasting for similar developing countries. The present observations contribute to the usefulness of statistical modelling methods in analysing, interpreting and understanding large datasets around available water resources and water consumption, providing reliable information to water utilities in reducing a tedious approach of water monitoring and assessment programmes in the region.

Modelling of Quadratic-Surface Sludge Digesters by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) – Finite Element (FE) Methods

Tota-Maharaj Kiran, Nounu Ghassan, Ramroop Navin

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

2020

Vol. 67, nr 1-4

35--53

The quadric-surfaced sludge digester (QSD), also known as the egg-shaped sludge digester, has proven its advantages over traditional cylindrical digesters recently. A reduction in operational cost is the dominant factor. Its shell can be described as a revolution of a parabola with the apex and base being either tapered or spherical. This shape provides a surface free of discontinuities, which is advantageous regarding the efficiency during mixing. Since the shape does not produce areas of inactive fluid motion within the tank, sludge settlement and an eventual grit build-up are avoided. The stresses developed in the shell of the sludge digester, vary along the meridian and equatorial diameters. A non-dimensional parameter, , defines the height-to-diameter aspect ratio which is used to delineate the parametric boundary conditions of the shell’s surface. Three groups of analyses were conducted to determine the orthogonal stresses in the shell of the QSD. The first-principles numerical models ran reasonably quickly, and many simulations were made during the study. The results showed that they were in within the range 5.34% to 7.2% to 2D FEA results. The 3D FEA simulation results were within the range of 8.3% to 9.2% to those from the MATLAB time-history models. This is a good indicator that the first principles numerical models are an excellent time-saving method to predict the behaviour of the QSD under seismic excitation. Upon examining the criteria for the design, analysing the results for the 2D FEA simulations showed that the fill height is not a significant variable with sloshing however the 3D FEA showed that the hydrostatic pressure is a significant variable. With the maximum tensile stress of the 3D-printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-a common thermoplastic polymer typically used for injection molding applications, being 24.4 MPa, the overall maximum stress of 5.45 MPa, the material can be a viable option for the use of QSD construction in small island developing states (SIDS).