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Antimicrobial Activity and Micropropagation of Some Rare and Endangered Plants of Jordan

Shatnawi Mohamad, Abubaker Samih, Odat Nidal, Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman, Majdalawi Majdi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

151--158

EN

The medicinal plants of Jordan are under threat due to several factors of habitat perturbation. Some of these factors include ruinous over-harvesting, climate change, competition and invasion. In this study, the authors employed a reliable method for micropropagation and assessment of antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plants of Jordan. Seeds were surface sterilized and germinated on agar water media, and then shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 3% sucrose. In order to generate enough plant material, microshoots were transferred after fourteen days onto hormone free MS medium. Among all studied plants, it was found that the Achellia millefolium and Moring perigrina plants successfully multiplied in vitro containing different 6-benzyl amino purine (BA). For potential antimicrobial activity, the ex vitro (field leaf plants) and in vitro (plantlet) extracts were evaluated against some bacteria strains using ethanolic extracts. Both ex vitro and in vitro plants extracts showed the antimicrobial activity against the microorganism tested. The results from the study suggest that these two plants showed good antimicrobial activity against the different tested bacteria.

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Salts Induced Salinity and in Vitro Multiplication of Paronychia argentea

Osman Nahid Abd Elhamid, Shatnawi Mohamad, Shibli Rida, Majdalawi Majdi, Al Tawaha Abdel Rahman M., Qudah Tamara

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 5

55--64

EN

Paronychia argentea is a wild herb plant with a high medicinal value. P. argentea plant is a neglected herb that grows without any attention in terms of research for cultivation and propagation. The conventional propagation methods of P. argentea by seeds and cutting are not preferred due to low germination percentage and cutting rooting problems. As a substitute for seed propagation, effective micropropagation protocols were developed. Using 0.6 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), maximum of 3.90 (shoot/explant) was produced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. In vitro growth was significantly decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in P. argentea plantlets decreased significantly under NaCl treatment. Level of protein in leaf tissue generally decreased with increased NaCl concentrations in the medium. Proline content in P. argentea plantlets increased significantly with increasing NaCl concentrations. An increased in NaCl concentration in the medium resulted in an increase in total soluble solids (TSS) in plant tissue. Moreover, as salinity level concentration increased relative water content was decreased. High NaCl was significantly affected in vitro plants growth. P. argentea showed that in vitro P. argentea plantlets could be tolerated to in vitro salinity.

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Effect of Heavy Metal on the In vitro Growth of Paronchia argentea and its Antimicrobial Activity

Shatnawi Mohammad, Osman Nahid Abd Elhamid, Shibli Rida, Odat Nidal, Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman, Qudah Tamara, Majdalawi Majdi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

142--151

EN

Paronchia argentea is traditionally being used for medicinal purposes in Jordan. The current investigation was designed to check the in vitro efficacy of in vitro and ex vitro P. argentea against selected bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial properties of in vitro plantlets and field (ex vitro) plant extracts of P. argentea were investigated against both bacteria and fungi, after and before heavy metals stress used. In this study, four bacterial species were used: Listeria monocytogen and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) Salmonella typhimurum and Coronobacter sakazakii (Gram negative bacteria) and Calvularia lunata as a mold. The obtained results revealed that the in vitro grown plantlets with the supplemented of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) or Cobalt (Co) with methanol and aqueous extract showed significant inhibitory activities within zones of inhibition ranging between 6.7-30.0 mm. All extracts of P. argentea had activity against the fungi and bacteria tested. The maximum inhibition zone was found in Staphylococcus aureus (30 mm inhibition zone) in medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L Cu followed by Calvularia lunata (30.0 mm inhibition zone). The methanolic and aqueous P. argentea extract indicate that the solvent plays an important role in the solubility of the antimicrobial substance and also affects the activity of the microbe. Both field (ex vitro) and tissue culture plant extract showed similar antimicrobial activity. The present study could be used as an approach for the development of new, alternative and cheap antimicrobial drugs, particularly against the infections caused by the tested microbes through the tissue culture technology.