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Petrographic and geochemical investigation of a stone adze made of nephrite from the site Balatonőszöd – Temetői dűlő (Hungary)

Péterdi B., Szakmány G., Judik K., Dobosi G., Kasztovszky Z., Szilágyi V., Maróti B., Bendő Z., Gil G.

Geological Quarterly

2014

Vol. 58, No. 1

181--192

The present study reports on results of petrographic and geochemical analyses on a stone adze from the archaeological site Balatonőszöd – Temetői dűlő (Hungary). This is the largest excavated site of the Baden Culture in Hungary (more than 200.000 m2) and has the longest continuous settlement history. In the site, features of the Balaton-Lasinja Culture (Middle Copper Age) and the Boleraz Culture were also found. Altogether 500 stone artefacts were found and registered. The present study reports on the results of the investigation of a unique stone adze made of nephrite, found on the site. The nephrite adze found in Balatonőszöd – Temetői dűlő has proved to be the first find made of nephrite having an established archaeological context in Hungarian prehistory. By applying detailed petrographic, geochemical and petrophysical methods as well as comparing data from technical literature we located the origin of the raw material of the nephrite adze. Its most probable source is the Northern part of the Bohemian Massif, Lower Silesia, a geological site near Jordanów (Poland).

Provenance study of Amerindian pottery figurines with Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis

Kasztovszky Z., Mackowiak de Antczak M., Antczak A., Millan B., Bermúdez J., Sajo-Bohus L.

Nukleonika

2004

Vol. 49, nr 3

107-113

A Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) facility has been in operation at the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC) since 1996. Nonetheless that PGAA is a relatively new method, its applicability to archeological research has already been established by several studies. Archaeologists of the Simón Bolívar University initiated a research project aimed to perform a provenance study of pre-Hispanic pottery figurines. Forty samples were selected from two archaeological sites excavated in the Los Roques Archipelago. Almost five hundred figurines have been recovered altogether in four sites of the Archipelago. Amerindian groups from the adjacent Venezuela mainland were identified as island sites' occupants, between A.D. 1200 and the European contact period. Forty fragments of figurines were investigated by PGAA, the concentrations of major- and some trace components being determined. Among others, K2O, Cl and Cr were found to be the most significant indicators of the samples originated from the Lake Valencia Basin (mainland) and from Los Roques Islands. By relating the island figurines to their stylistical and chemical counterparts from the mainland we will provide chronological information on hundreds of mainland figurines.