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Assessment of the Effect of Sunflower Agrocenosis on the Characteristics of the Structural and Aggregate Composition of Typical Black Soil

Voitovyk Мikhaylo, Butenko Yevheniia, Tkachenko Mykola, Mishchenko Yurii, Tsyuk Оleksiy, Obrazhyy Sergiy, Panchenko Оleksandr, Martyniuk Ivan, Kondratiuk Irina, Kopylova Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 1

153--160

The research was conducted on the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University experimental field on a typical deep, low-humus chernozem. The methods of main cultivation in the sunflower agrocenosis of grain-row crop rotation had a major influence on the soil structuring processes. The use of moldboard and no-moldboard tillage increased the number of the most agronomically beneficial aggregates (0.25–10 mm) in the 0–10 cm soil’s layer at the begining of the sunflower growing season by 6.0% compared to shallow no-moldboardof tillage the soil. By the end of the growing season in the sunflower agrocenosis in the 0–30 cm soil layer, compared to the beginning of the crop growing season, the number of agronomically beneficial aggregates (0.25–10 mm) decreased, the number of fractions larger than 10 mm and fractions smaller than 0.25 mm increased. The coefficient of structure for moldboard and no-moldboard tillage significantly increased compared to shallow no-moldboardof tillage. The use of shallow no-moldboardof tillage and moldboard with no-moldboardof tillage was led to an increase in the content of stable aggregates by 1.2–7.5%. The highest yield of sunflower was recorded for the use of moldboard with no-mold-boardof tillage – 2.72 t/ha, which is significantly higher than other variants. The use of shallow no-moldboardof tillage for 10–12 cm with disc tools led to a notable decrease in productivity compared to the control. Improving the water resistance of soil aggregates during moldboard and no-moldboard tillage and shallow no-moldboardof tillage helps to preserve the soil’s potential fertility.

Microbiological Activity of Soil Under the Influence of Post-Harvest Siderates

Mishchenko Yurii, Kovalenko Ihor, Butenko Andrii, Danko Yuriy, Trotsenko Volodymyr, Masyk Ihor, Radchenko Mykola, Hlupak Zoya, Stavytskyi Andrii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 4

122--127

The results of research on the activation of the microflora by using post-harvest green manure crops were presented. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of sidereal crops of Raphanus sativum and Phacelia tanacetifolia on activity increase of microflora in black soil with little humus was revealed. Application of post-harvest siderates increased the number of non-sporous species of bacteria and actinomycetales, contributed to improvement of soil environment under the influence of siderates, which had a positive effect on creating more comfortable conditions for growing potatoes. The usage of green fertilizers had a positive influence on microbiology activity of soil.

Post-Harvest Siderates and Soil Hardness

Mishchenko Yurii, Kovalenko Ihor, Butenko Andrii, Danko Yuriy, Trotsenko Volodymyr, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina, Hotvianska Anna, Kyrsanova Galyna, Datsko Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 3

54--63

The results of researches of the perspective direction of solving the problem of growth of hardness of typical chernozem, which consisted in enrichment of the soil with fresh organic matter of postharvest greens, are presented. During the years of our research it was found that growing of post-harvest siderates contributed to a significant reduction in hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer. Among the studied siderates the lowest hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer was under crops of Raphanus sativum in all years of research - 10.9-16.8 kg/cm2. In the variants of potato growing without fertilizers was found close reverse relation between hardness and productive moisture reserves - r = -0.74. These dependences confirm positive effect of siderate Raphanus sativum as a factor of biological loosening of soil. After all, it was just the variant where reduction of productive moisture reserves had the smallest share of impact - 22% on the growth of soil hardness. At the same time, this share of influence increased to 27-41% on the background of other siderates and manure, and up to 54% in the control without application of organic fertilizers. The highest yield of potato tubers was obtained on the plots with the lowest soil hardness, where Raphanus sativum was used as a post-harvest siderate, followed by the variants with manure, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Fagopyrum esculentum.