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Discretization Method of Continuous-Time Dynamic Linear Model

Gryś Sławomir, Minkina Waldemar

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2023

Vol. 69, No. 2

281--286

The article presents a new discretization method of a continuous-time linear model of sensor dynamics. It can be useful to reduce measuring errors related to the inertia of the sensor. For example it is important in the measurement of rapid processes as temperature changes in combustion chambers, or for shortening the time needed to establish the sensor readings in a transition state. There is assumed that sensor dynamics can be approximated by linear differential equation or transfer function. The searched coefficients of equivalent difference equation or discrete transfer function are obtained from Taylor expansion of a sensor output signal and then on the solution of the linear set of equations. The method does not require decomposition of sensor transfer function for zeros and poles and can be applied to the case of transfer function with zeros equal to zero. The method was used to compensate the dynamics of sensor measuring fast signals. The Bode characteristics of a compensator were compared with others derived using classical methods of discretization of linear models. Additionally, signals in time were presented to show the dynamic error before and after compensation.

O znaczeniu odwrotnej notacji polskiej dla rozwoju technik informatycznych

Gryś Sławomir, Minkina Waldemar

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

2020

R. 24, nr 2

11--16

Artykuł dotyczy wpływu beznawiasowej notacji polskiej na rozwój współczesnej informatyki i innych, pokrewnych dyscyplin naukowych korzystających z technik informatycznych, m.in. matematyki, elektroniki, automatyki czy robotyki. W niniejszym artykule podano przykłady współczesnych zastosowań ONP w informatyce, m.in. w językach Forth, Postscript i parserach języków wysokiego poziomu. Rozważania zilustrowano przykładami konwersji wyrażeń z klasycznej notacji do notacji przyrostkowej oraz ich przetwarzania przez komputer z użyciem modelu zarządzania pamięcią zorganizowaną w stos, dzięki czemu uzyskuje się skrócenie czasu wykonania algorytmu i mniejszą zajętość pamięci. Celem tej publikacji było także upamiętnienie osiągnięć polskich naukowców w zakresie współczesnych technik komputerowych, a w szczególności Jana Łukasiewicza – twórcy znanej na całym świecie Odwrotnej Notacji Polskiej. Stworzona obecnie w Polsce sieć badawcza obejmująca wiodące krajowe instytuty naukowo-badawcze przyjęła patronat innego badacza: Ignacego Łukasiewicza - znanego głównie z wynalezienia lampy naftowej i rozwoju polskiego przemysłu naftowego. Warto pamiętać, że są to różni naukowcy zasłużeni w różnych obszarach badawczych.

This paper is focused on the impact of polish notation on the development of modern computer science and other related scientific disciplines using IT techniques, including mathematics, electronics, automation and robotics. Reverse Polish Notation was developed and disseminated by Australian scientist Charles Hamblin as a “reversal” of the prefix notation, developed around 1920 by the Polish mathematician Jan Łukasiewicz. According to knowledge of the authors of this article, the discovery and its fundamental importance for the development of digital technology is not common in the consciousness, even of people with academic education. Operation of all devices containing processors, e.g. calculators, computers, network and telecommunications devices, cell phones, household appliances, digital terrestrial and satellite television and other devices would be very difficult without applying this notation. Its significance was appreciated only after many decades, in the era of electronic computers, equipped with a programmable processor and high-level languages. The advantage of this notation is the lack of parentheses and the need for a preliminary analysis of the entire expression to determine the order of operations. It makes easier to prepare the result code for the computer. Notation can be used to write any of the expressions composed of symbols representing input variables and operators, i.e. in sentence logic, set theory, algebra, two-state logic used by digital systems and being the basis of computers, high-level language compilers and interpreters. In this article, examples of contemporary RPN applications are given, such as: Forth language, Postscript, high-level language parsers. The considerations are illustrated by examples of the conversion of an expression from classical notation to postfix notation and its processing by a computer using a stack memory management model to reduce time of algorithm execution and memory occupation. The purpose of this publication was also to commemorate the achievements of Polish technical thought in the field of contemporary computer techniques and closely associated with the name of Jan Łukasiewicz – the creator of the world-famous Reverse Polish Notation. This is also due to the fact that the currently created research network including leading national scientific and research institutes in Poland, which is a showcase of Polish technical thought, has assumed the patronage of Ignacy Łukasiewicz – known mainly for the invention of the kerosene lamp and the development of the Polish oil industry. They are two different people distinguished in other areas, which are worth remembering.