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A Dynamic-Logical Characterization of Solutions to Sight-limited Extensive Games

Liu C., Liu F., Su K.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2018

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Vol. 158, nr 1/3

149--169

EN

An unrealistic assumption in classical extensive game theory is that the complete game tree is fully perceivable by all players. To weaken this assumption, a class of games (called games with short sight) was proposed in literature, modelling the game scenarios where players have only limited foresight of the game tree due to bounded resources and limited computational ability. As a consequence, the notions of equilibria in classical game theory were refined to fit games with short sight. A crucial issue that thus arises is to determine whether a strategy profile is a solution to a game. To study this issue and address the underlying idea and theory on players’ decisions in such games, we adopt a logical way. Specifically, we develop a logic called DLS through which features of these games are demonstrated. More importantly, it enables us to characterize the solutions to these games via formulas of this logic. Moreover, we study the algorithm for model checking DLS, which is shown to be PTIME-complete in the size of the model. This work not only provides an insight into a more realistic model in game theory, but also enriches the possible applications of logic.

2

Effect of curcumin and pirfenidone on toxicokinetics of paraquat in rat by UPLC–MS/MS

Wang S., Lin Z., Su K., Zhang J., Zhang L., Gao Z., Ma J., Wang X.

Acta Chromatographica

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2018

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Vol. 30, no. 1

26--30

EN

The rats were randomly divided into paraquat group, curcumin treatment group, and pirfenidone treatment group. The concentration of paraquat in rat plasma was determined by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method over the range of 10–2000 ng mL−1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH HILIC (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium formate buffer (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used as sample preparation. Compared with the paraquat group, there is statistical toxicokinetic difference for curcumin treatment group and pirfenidone treatment group, AUC(0 − t) decreased (P < 0.05), clearance (CL) increased (P < 0.05) for curcumin or pirfenidone treatment group, and Cmax decreased (P < 0.05) for curcumin treatment group. The results showed that treatment by curcumin and pirfenidone could relieve acute paraquat poisoning in rats.

3

Computation of extensions of seminormal default theories

Su K., Li W.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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1999

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Vol. 40, Nr 1

79-102

EN

In Reiter's default logic, the operator in the fixed-point definition of extension is not appropriate to compute extensions by its iterated applications. This paper presents a class of alternative operators, called compatible ones, such that, at least for normal default theories and so-called well-founded, ordered default theories, we can get extensions by iterated applications of them. In addition, we completely answer Etherington's conjectures about both his procedure for generating extensions and a modified version of it. In particular, we give an example of a finite, ordered default theory, for which the original procedure fails to converge, and show that the computation of the modified one is essentially the iteration of a compatible operator and converges for finite, ordered theories