Dzięki dużej specyficzności tworzenia się kompleksu awidyna-biotyna i jego trwałości, awidyna wykorzystywana jest jako sonda molekularna w wielu układach badawczych. Istnieje wiele technik laboratoryjnych stosowanych w celu oczyszczania białek bądź wykrywania i ilościowego oznaczania substancji takich jak peptydy czy przeciwciała, często są jednak one kosztowne i wymagają pełnej uwagi operatora. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie możliwości zastosowania ISFET jako czujników służących do wykrywania obecności awidyny.
EN
Due to the specificity of the formation of the avidin-biotin complex and its stability, avidin is used as a molecular probe in a grat deal of research systems. There already exist laboratory techniques used to purify proteins, or to detect and quantify substances such as peptides, antibodies and hormones but they usually require pricy equipment and a full commitment of the operator. The aim of this work is to determine the possibility of using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET) as sensors for detecting the presence of avidin.
This paper describes successfully formed ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC based on titanium-aluminum alloys. Four different metallization structures were examined, varying in aluminum layer thickness (25, 50, 75, 100 nm) and with constant thickness of the titanium layer (50 nm). Structures were annealed within the temperature range of 800°C - 1100°C and then electrically characterized. The best electrical parameters and linear, ohmic character of contacts demonstrated structures with Al layer thickness equal or greater than that of Ti layer and annealed at temperatures of 1000°C or higher.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) has become a vital research area in order to enhance passenger and road safety, increasing traffic efficiency and enhanced reliable connectivity. In this regard, for monitoring and controlling the communication between IoVs, routing protocols are deployed. Frequent changes that occur in the topology often leads to major challenges in IoVs, such as dynamic topology changes, shortest routing paths and also scalability. One of the best solutions for such challenges is “clustering”. This study focuses on IoVs’ stability and to create an efficient routing protocol in dynamic environment. In this context, we proposed a novel algorithm called Cluster-based enhanced AODV for IoVs (AODV-CD) to achieve stable and efficient clustering for simplifying routing and ensuring quality of service (QoS). Our proposed protocol enhances the overall network throughput and delivery ratio, with less routing load and less delay compared to AODV. Thus, extensive simulations are carried out in SUMO and NS2 for evaluating the efficiency of the AODV-CD that is superior to the classic AODV and other recent modified AODV algorithms.
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