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Apparent return of free-living Fucus vesiculosus to the Polish Baltic waters

Balazy Piotr, Wiktor Józef, Tatarek Agnieszka, Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

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2024

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Vol. 66 (2)

424--428

EN

The underwater meadows of the Puck Bay, once thriving with eelgrass Zostera marina, bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus and black carrageen Furcellaria lumbricalis, experienced a decline in water quality during the 1960s and 1970s due to untreated sewage pollution. This, together with commercial exploitation, led to the disappearance of bladderwrack in 1977, with unsuccessful attempts at reintroduction in the early 2000s. In December 2023, a SCUBA survey near Rzucewo revealed a numerous bladderwrack in a benthic free-living form after 46 years of absence. The algae were found between 1.7 and 2.7 m depth, loosely positioned on the seabed, often within Z. marina beds, and with blue mussels Mytilus edulis attached. This reappearance suggests a positive trend in seawater quality and overall state of the Puck Bay, especially when combined with recent recovery of other algae species. The apparent return of bladderwrack could enhance ecosystem functionality, benefiting fish recruitment, grazer and algal biomass. Further investigations on bladderwrack's reappearance are needed in order to verify whether this is the only ecotype currently present in the Puck Bay.

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Plastic contamination of sandy beaches along the southern Baltic – a one season field survey results

Mazurkiewicz Mikołaj, Martinez Paula Sancho, Konwent Weronika, Deja Kajetan, Kotwicki Lech, Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

764--780

EN

The subject of this study was microplastics (>32 µm), large micro-/macroplastics (>2 mm) and plastic litter (visible by naked eye) contamination on sandy beaches and in coastal waters along the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Microplastics were studied with particular attention, with simultaneous observations in the water and across the beach. Other data was intended to serve as a background and as possible sources of microplastics. Most of the microplastics found were fibers <1 mm long, with blue fibers dominating, followed by transparent, red and green ones, both in sand and water samples. The concentration of microplastics on the beach sand ranged from 118 to 1382 pieces kg−1, while in coastal waters from 0.61 to 2.76 pieces dm−3. As for large micro-/macroplastics and plastic litter, there was no dominant litter along the coast. The amount of large micro-/macroplastics ranged from 2 to 124 pieces m−2 (or from 0.13 to 44.30 g m−2). Regarding plastic litter, on average between 0.03 and 6.15 litter debris m−2 were found (or from 0.007 to 4.600 g m−2). The study confirms that plastic pollution of the Polish coastal zone is a significant problem comparable with both the rest of the Baltic Sea and other seas and oceans. Similar color-based composition of microplastics among all studied sites suggests that they may have a common source, while the contamination of large micro-/macroplastics and plastic litter (both amount of particles and their composition) along the Polish coast is highly site-specific and may be influenced by various local factors.

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Polar Research in public discourse : setting the stage

Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PB)

634--636

EN

Polar Research gained bigger than ever extent and support, both on the state-political and the wide public level. We want to start the discussion on how the public concern is formed, and what are the inspirations that drive researchers to choose this type of career. It seems that in the non-Arctic country like Poland the sentiment, associated with the historical polar events together with widely accessible and attractive documentary films, was essential in shaping the societal support for spending public money on polar studies.

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Perception of Arctic issues among young learners in Poland and Lithuania

Kotyńska-Zielińska Izabela, Olenin Sergej, Fornalewicz Karolina, Prądzińska Anna, Węsławski Jan Marcin

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (4PB)

576--587

EN

In this work, we show the results from two different types of approaches designed to map the Arctic (Polar) perception of young learners in Poland and Lithuania. The first case study is composed of both closed and open questions (Case Study 1), while the second one is a closed, multiple choice type of questionnaire (Case Study 2). We have questioned a total of 274 learners in Case Study 1 and 80 in Case Study 2. In both cases, learners were divided into four age groups. The results show that the Case Study 1 questionnaire, due to its structure, provided more comprehensive information about the state of awareness among young learners in comparison with the limited option for answers (no open option) in Case Study 2. The results show that documentaries and nature films together are the dominating sources of information for all age groups. A very interesting finding came out from Case Study 1, which shows that school lessons dominate in public schools, with exception to high schools, however, other means of learning were also mentioned. Educational workshops play a very important part in learning among three youngest groups of students of public schools. In case of autonomic schools, it is lessons that play a key role in knowledge transfer at all levels of education, which is most likely related to the educational system in these schools, which regularly conduct group projects. Both studies show that nonformal education has an important role in education of young learners in Poland and Lithuania.