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Osiemdziesiąt lat Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego w służbie polskiej geologii : osiągnięcia w geologii stosowanej

Szczepanik Zbigniew, Białecka Katarzyna, Giełżecka-Mądry Dorota, Kos Marcin, Wieczorek Dariusz, Złonkiewicz Zbigniew

Przegląd Geologiczny

2021

Vol. 69, nr 3

185--196

This article presents the achievements of the employees of the Holy Cross Mts. Branch of the Polish Geological Institute in the field of applied geology: geological cartography, geology of natural resources and hydrogeology. The area of the Holy Cross Mts. is located in central Poland and for hundreds of years was the main source of metal ores and rock raw materials for the Polish state. Investigating the possibility of using these minerals and raw materials in the modern economy was the reason for establishing the Polish Geological Institute in Kielce. Shortly before World War II, a department of the Institute was established in Kielce for a detailed geological study of this interesting area, where the full profile of the Phanerozoic deposits is present, from the oldest Cambrian to Quaternary. The basic work performed by geologists in Kielce was the preparation of geological maps. During the 80 years of the Institute's activity in Kielce, geological maps on various scales were made, ranging from 1:300,000 to 1:50,000. Currently, detailed mapping at the 1:50,000 and 1: 25,000 scales are being prepared. The search for deposits of iron, copper and other metals, conducted by the Kielce Institute, did not lead unfortunately to discovery of economically useful deposits. On the other hand, large deposits of rock building materials have been identified and documented and are currently exploited mainly for road construction. The region of the Holy Cross Mountains and their vicinity is unique in comparison to other regions of Poland because the entire population and economy are supplied with water from underground sources. Taking care of resources and adequate water quality is the main goal of the hydrogeologists employed at the Holy Cross department of the Polish Geological Institute. They organized and supervise a network that controls the water level and its quality, the impact of quarry activities on the groundwater levels, and prepare various types of hydrogeological maps.

Kamień w zabytkowej architekturze Szydłowa

Fijałkowska-Mader Ania, Złonkiewicz Zbigniew, Król Paweł

Przegląd Geologiczny

2019

Vol. 67, nr 9

736--748

The historical city of Szydłów, located in the southeastern part of the Świętokrzyskie province, has preserved its medieval urban layout. It is surrounded by stone walls, hence the town is named the "Polish Carcasonne”. There are castle remains in the western part of the city. Two monumental objects discussed in the article - defensive walls with the Krakowska Gate and the St. Władysław church were built during the reign of King Casimir the Great. The All Saints Church can be older, because it contains Romanesque features. The time of construction of the castle palace is uncertain but its design may indicate the later period of the reign of Władysław Jagiełło and Anna Andegaweńska. The church and Holy Spirit sheltered-hospital originated in the early 16th century. All these buildings were made of local stone - organogenic-detritic limestones of the Chmielnik Formation (Late Badenian-Early Sarmatian), in the stoneworkers’ language called "Szydłów stone/sandstone”. Architectural details, such as portals, window frames or cornices, were carved from fine-grained limestones, similar to the Pińczów Limestones of Badenian age. The unambiguous lithostratigraphic classification of these stones requires a more datail petrographic research. Despite the Szydłów Limestones, common in Szydłów and its vicinity, were exploited here throughout centuries in many local quarries. It is currently impossible to indicate the local deposit in which the Pińczów Limestones were excavated. It is possible that they were transported from the Pińczów area.