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EN
We present the OGLE collection of δ Scuti stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud and in its foreground. Our dataset encompasses a total of 15 256 objects, constituting the largest sample of extragalactic δ Sct stars published so far. In the case of 12 δ Sct pulsators, we detected additional eclipsing or ellipsoidal variations in their light curves. These are the first known candidates for binary systems containing δ Sct components beyond the Milky Way. We provide observational parameters for all variables, including pulsation periods, mean magnitudes, amplitudes, and Fourier coefficients, as well as long-term light curves in the I- and V-bands collected during the fourth phase of the OGLE project. We construct the period-luminosity (PL) diagram, in which fundamental-mode and first-overtone δ Sct stars form two nearly parallel ridges. The latter ridge is an extension of the PL relation obeyed by first-overtone classical Cepheids. The slopes of the PL relations for δ Sct variables are steeper than those for classical Cepheids, indicating that the continuous PL relation for first-overtone δ Sct variables and Cepheids is non-linear, exhibiting a break at a period of approximately 0.5 d. We also report the enhancement of the OGLE collection of Cepheids and RR Lyr stars with newly identified and reclassified objects, including pulsators contained in the recently published Gaia DR3 catalog of variable stars. As a by-product, we estimate the contamination rate in the Gaia DR3 catalogs of Cepheids and RR Lyr variables.
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Content available remote Candidates for Transiting Planets in OGLE-IV Galactic Bulge Fields
EN
We present results of a search for transiting exoplanets in 10-yr long photometry with thousands of epochs taken in the direction of the Galactic bulge. This photometry was collected in the fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV). Our search covered ≈222 000 stars brighter than I=15.5 mag. Selected transits were verified using a probabilistic method. The search resulted in 99 high-probability candidates for transiting exoplanets. The estimated distances to these targets are between 0.4 kpc and 5.5 kpc, which is a significantly wider range than for previous transit searches. The planets found are Jupiter-size, with the exception of one (named OGLE-TR-1003b) located in the hot Neptune desert. If the candidate is confirmed, it can be important for studies of highly irradiated intermediate-size planets. The existing long-term, high-cadence photometry of our candidates increases the chances of detecting transit timing variations at long timescales. Selected candidates will be observed by the future NASA flagship mission, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, in its search for Galactic bulge microlensing events, which will further enhance the photometric coverage of these stars.
EN
Blue Large-Amplitude Pulsators (BLAPs) form a mysterious class of variable stars with typical periods of tens of minutes and amplitudes above 0.1 mag. In this work, we present results of a variability search focused on timescales shorter than 1 h, conducted in OGLE-IV Galactic disk fields containing about 1.1 billion stellar sources down to I≈20 mag. Twenty-five BLAPs have been detected, 20 of which are new discoveries. Their periods range from 8.4 min to 62.1 min. We have also found six new eclipsing binary systems with orbital periods from 38.3 min to 121.3 min and five short-period large-amplitude (> 0.17 mag in the I-band) variable stars of unknown type.
EN
We present the first-ever collection of δ Scuti stars found over the entire area of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The sample consists of 2810 variables of which over 2600 objects belong to the SMC while the remaining stars are most likely members of the Milky Way's halo. The sample has been divided into 2733 single mode and 77 multimode pulsators. We provide observational parameters (pulsation periods, mean magnitudes, amplitudes, Fourier coefficients) of all δ Sct stars and the long-term I- and V-band time-series photometric measurements collected during the fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV).
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Content available remote New Short-Period δ Scuti Stars in OGLE-IV Fields toward the Galactic Bulge
EN
We report the classification of 24 puzzling short-period variable stars located in OGLE-IV Galactic bulge fields. The stars are low-amplitude (<0.05 mag) multi-periodic objects with dominant periods between 22 min and 54 min whose type could not have been unambiguously established based on photometry only. A low-resolution spectroscopic follow-up observations have shown that all the objects are main sequence A/F-type stars. Thus, all the variables are δ Sct-type pulsators. We have added them to the OGLE-IV Collection of Variable Stars.
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Content available remote Over 24 000 δ Scuti Stars in the Galactic Bulge and Disk from the OGLE Survey
EN
We present the largest collection of δ Scuti-type stars in the Milky Way. Together with the recently published OGLE collection of δ Sct variables in the inner Galactic bulge, our sample consists of 24 488 objects distributed along the Milky Way plane, over galactic longitudes ranging from about -170° to +60°. The collection data include the I- and V-band time-series photometry collected since 1997 during the OGLE-II, OGLE-III, and OGLE-IV surveys. We show the on-sky distribution of δ Sct stars in the Galactic bulge and disk, discuss their period, luminosity and amplitude distributions, present Petersen diagram for multimode pulsators, distinguish 34 δ Sct stars in eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems, and list probable members of globular clusters.
EN
We have used photometric data on almost 91 000 fundamental-mode RR Lyr stars (type RRab) detected by the OGLE survey to investigate properties of old populations in the Milky Way. Based on their metallicity distributions, we demonstrate that the Galaxy is built from three distinct old components: halo, bulge, and disk. The distributions reach their maxima at approximately [Fe/H]J95=-1.2 dex, -1.0 dex, and -0.6 dex on the Jurcsik's metallicity scale, respectively. We find that, very likely, the entire halo is formed from infalling dwarf galaxies. It is evident that halo stars penetrate the inner regions of the Galactic bulge. We estimate that about one-third of all RR Lyr stars within the bulge area belong in fact to the halo population. The whole old bulge is dominated by two populations, A and B, represented by a double sequence in the period--amplitude (Bailey) diagram. The boundary in iron abundance between the halo and the disk population is at about [Fe/H]J95=-0.8 dex. Using Gaia DR2 for RRab stars in the disk area, we show that the observed dispersion of proper motions along the Galactic latitude decreases smoothly with the increasing metal content excluding a bump around [Fe/H]J95=-1.0 dex.
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Content available remote Over 10 000 δ Scuti Stars toward the Galactic Bulge from OGLE-IV
EN
We present a collection of 10 111 genuine δ Sct-type pulsating variable stars detected in the OGLE-IV Galactic bulge fields. In this sample, 9835 variables are new discoveries. For most of the stars photometric data cover the whole decade 2010-2019. We illustrate a huge variety of light curve shapes of δ Sct variables. Long-term observations have allowed us to spot objects with evident period, amplitude, and mean brightness variations. Our analysis indicates that about 28% of the stars are single-mode pulsators. Fourteen δ Sct stars show additional eclipsing or ellipsoidal binary modulation. We report significant attenuation or even disappearance of the pulsation signal in six sources. The whole set of variables is a mix of objects representing various Milky Way's populations, with the majority of stars from the Galactic bulge. There are also representatives of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy. Some of the newly detected variables could be SX Phe-type stars residing in globular clusters. The collection, including full V- and I-band time-series data, is available to the astronomical community from the OGLE On-line Data Archive.
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Content available remote Additional Galactic Cepheids from the OGLE Survey
EN
We report on the results of a comprehensive search for Cepheid variable stars in the fields photometrically monitored by the OGLE Galaxy Variability Survey. We identify 742 Cepheids not included in the first release of the OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids and reclassify several dozen previously published variables. The upgraded collection comprises 1974 classical, 1625 type II, and 119 anomalous Cepheids located in the area of about 3000 square degrees covering the disk and bulge of the Milky Way. We present the most interesting objects in our sample: an isolated group of long-period double-mode classical Cepheids pulsating in the fundamental mode and first overtone, the first known Galactic double-mode Cepheid with the second and third overtone excited, double-mode type II Cepheids, candidates for single-mode first-overtone BL Her stars, and Cepheids showing simultaneous eclipsing variability. We also discuss type II and anomalous Cepheids that are potential members of globular clusters.
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Content available remote Mapping the Northern Galactic Disk Warp with Classical Cepheids
EN
We present an updated three dimensional map of the Milky Way based on a sample of 2431 classical Cepheid variable stars, supplemented with about 200 newly detected classical Cepheids from the OGLE survey. The new objects were discovered as a result of a dedicated observing campaign of the ≈280 square degree extension of the OGLE footprint of the Galactic disk during 2018-2019 observing seasons. These regions cover the main part of the northern Galactic warp that has been deficient in Cepheids so far. We use direct distances to the sample of over 2390 classical Cepheids to model the distribution of the young stellar population in the Milky Way and recalculate the parameters of the Galactic disk warp. Our data show that its northern part is very prominent and its amplitude is ≈10% larger than that of the southern part. By combining Gaia astrometric data with the Galactic rotation curve and distances to Cepheids from our sample, we construct a map of the vertical component of the velocity vector for all Cepheids in the Milky Way disk. We find large-scale vertical motions with amplitudes of 10-20 km/s, such that Cepheids located in the northern warp exhibit large positive vertical velocity (toward the north Galactic pole), whereas those in the southern warp - negative vertical velocity (toward the south Galactic pole).
EN
We present the final release of the OGLE collection of classical pulsators (Cepheids and RR Lyr stars) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The sky coverage has been increased from 670 to 765 square degrees compared to the previous edition of our collection. We also add some Cepheids and RR Lyr stars found by the Gaia team and reclassify three Cepheids. Ultimately, our collection consists of 9650 classical Cepheids, 343 type II Cepheids, 278 anomalous Cepheids, and 47 828 RR Lyr stars inside and toward the Magellanic System.
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Content available remote OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids
EN
We present here a new major part of the OGLE Collection of Variable Stars - OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids. The new dataset was extracted from the Galaxy Variability Survey images - a dedicated large-scale survey of the Galactic disk and outer bulge conducted by the OGLE project since 2013. The OGLE collection contains 2721 Cepheids of all types - classical, type II and anomalous. It more than doubles the number of known Galactic classical Cepheids. Due to the long-term monitoring and large number of epochs the selected sample is very pure, generally free from contaminating stars of other types often mimicking Cepheids. Its completeness is high at 90% level for classical Cepheids – tested using recent samples of Galactic Cepheids: ASAS-SN, ATLAS, Gaia DR2 and Wise catalog of variable stars. Our comparisons indicate that the completeness of the two latter datasets, Gaia DR2 and Wise catalog, is very low, at < I < 19.5 mag). Both these samples are severely contaminated by non-Cepheids (the purity is 67% and 56%, respectively). We also present several interesting objects found in the new OGLE Collection - multi-mode pulsators, first Galactic candidates for eclipsing systems containing Cepheid, a binary Cepheid candidate. New OGLE Collection of Galactic Cepheids is available for the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet Archive in similar form as previous parts of the OGLE Collection of Variable Stars.
EN
We present a collection of classical, typeII, and anomalous Cepheids detected in the OGLE fields toward the Galactic center. The sample contains 87 classical Cepheids pulsating in one, two or three radial modes, 924 type II Cepheids divided into BL Her, W Vir, peculiar W Vir, and RV Tau stars, and 20 anomalous Cepheids - first such objects found in the Galactic bulge. Additionally, we upgrade the OGLE Collection of RR Lyr stars in the Galactic bulge by adding 828 newly identified variables. For all Cepheids and RRLyr stars, we publish time-series VI photometry obtained during the OGLE-IV project, from 2010 through 2017. We discuss basic properties of our classical pulsators: their spatial distribution, light curve morphology, period-luminosity relations, and position in the Petersen diagram. We present the most interesting individual objects in our collection: a typeII Cepheid with additional eclipsing modulation, WVir stars with the period doubling effect and the RVb phenomenon, a mode-switching RR Lyr star, and a triple-mode anomalous RRd star.
EN
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the light and radial velocity curves of the semi-detached eclipsing binary system OGLE-LMC-ECL-09937. The system is composed of a hot, massive and luminous primary star of a late-O spectral type, and a more evolved, but less massive and luminous secondary, implying an Algol-type system that underwent a mass transfer episode. We derive masses of 21.04±0.34 M☉ and 7.61±0.09 M☉ and radii of 9.93±0.06 R☉ and 9.18±0.04 R☉, for the primary and the secondary component, respectively, which make it the most massive known Algol-type system with masses and radii of the components measured with <2% accuracy. Consequently, the parameters of OGLE-LMC-ECL-09937 provide an important contribution to the sparsely populated high-mass end of the stellar mass distribution, and an interesting object for stellar evolution studies, being a possible progenitor of a binary system composed of two neutron stars.
EN
We present a three-dimensional analysis of a sample of 22 859 type ab RR Lyr stars in the Magellanic System from the OGLE-IV Collection of RR Lyr stars. The distance to each object was calculated based on its photometric metallicity and a theoretical relation between color, absolute magnitude and metallicity. The LMC RR Lyr distribution is very regular and does not show any substructures. We demonstrate that the bar found in previous studies may be an overdensity caused by blending and crowding effects. The halo is asymmetrical with a higher stellar density in its north-eastern area, which is also located closer to us. Triaxial ellipsoids were fitted to surfaces of a constant number density. Ellipsoids farther from the LMC center are less elongated and slightly rotated toward the SMC. The inclination and position angle change significantly with the $a$ axis size. The median axis ratio is 1:1.23:1.45. The RR Lyr distribution in the SMC has a very regular, ellipsoidal shape and does not show any substructures or asymmetries. All triaxial ellipsoids fitted to surfaces of a constant number density have virtually the same shape (axis ratio) and are elongated along the line-of-sight. The median axis ratio is 1:1.10:2.13. The inclination angle is very small and thus the position angle is not well defined. We present the distribution of RR Lyr stars in the Magellanic Bridge area, showing that the Magellanic Clouds' halos overlap. A comparison of the distributions of RR Lyr stars and Classical Cepheids shows that the former are significantly more spread and distributed regularly, while the latter are very clumped and form several distinct substructures.
EN
The Magellanic System (MS) encompasses the nearest neighbors of the Milky Way, the Large (LMC) and Small (SMC) Magellanic Clouds, and the Magellanic Bridge (MBR). This system contains a diverse sample of star clusters. Their parameters, such as the spatial distribution, chemical composition and age distribution yield important information about the formation scenario of the whole Magellanic System. Using deep photometric maps compiled in the fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV) we present the most complete catalog of star clusters in the Magellanic System ever constructed from homogeneous, long time-scale photometric data. In this second paper of the series, we show the collection of star clusters found in the area of about 360 square degrees in the MBR and in the outer regions of the SMC. Our sample contains 198 visually identified star cluster candidates, 75 of which were not listed in any of the previously published catalogs. The new discoveries are mainly young small open clusters or clusters similar to associations.
EN
More than a century ago, Henrietta Leavitt discovered the first Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds together with the famous period-luminosity relationship revealed by these stars, which soon after revolutionized our view of the Universe. Over the years, the number of known Cepheids in these galaxies has steadily increased with the breakthrough in the last two decades thanks to the new generation of large-scale long-term sky variability surveys. Here we present the final upgrade of the OGLE Collection of Cepheids in the Magellanic System which already contained the vast majority of known Cepheids. The updated collection now comprises 9649 classical and 262 anomalous Cepheids. Type-II Cepheids will be updated shortly. Thanks to high completeness of the OGLE survey the sample of classical Cepheids includes virtually all stars of this type in the Magellanic Clouds. Thus, the OGLE survey concludes the work started by Henrietta Leavitt. Additionally, the OGLE sample of RR Lyr stars in the Magellanic System has been updated. It now counts 46 443 variables. A collection of seven anomalous Cepheids in the halo of our Galaxy detected in front of the Magellanic Clouds is also presented. OGLE photometric data are available to the astronomical community from the OGLE Internet Archive. The time-series photometry of all pulsating stars in the OGLE Collection has been supplemented with new observations.
EN
We present a collection of 450 598 eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems detected in the OGLE fields toward the Galactic bulge. The collection consists of binary systems of all types: detached, semi-detached, and contact eclipsing binaries, RS CVn stars, cataclysmic variables, HW Vir binaries, double periodic variables, and even planetary transits. For all stars we provide the I- and V-band time-series photometry obtained during the OGLE-II, OGLE-III, and OGLE-IV surveys. We discuss methods used to identify binary systems in the OGLE data and present several objects of particular interest.
EN
We present the largest collection of RR Lyrae stars in the Magellanic System and in its foreground. The sample consists of 45 451 RR Lyr stars, of which 39 082 were detected toward the Large Magellanic Cloud and 6369 toward the Small Magellanic Cloud. We provide long-term time-series photometric measurements collected during the fourth phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-IV). We discuss several potential astrophysical applications of our collection: investigation of the structure of the Magellanic Clouds and the Galactic halo, studies of the globular clusters in the Magellanic System, analysis of double-mode RR Lyr stars, and search for RR Lyr stars in eclipsing binary systems.
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Content available remote The OGLE Collection of Variable Stars. Eclipsing Binaries in the Magellanic System
EN
We present the collection of eclipsing binaries in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, based on the OGLE survey. It contains 48 605 systems, 40 204 belonging to the LMC and 8401 to the SMC. Out of the total number of presented here binaries, 16 374 are the new discoveries. We present the time-series photometry obtained for the selected objects during the fourth phase of the OGLE project. The catalog has been created using a two step machine learning procedure based on the Random Forest algorithm
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