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Measurements of trace elements in human blood and urine using atomic emission spectrometry

Sakovich V. V., Boikov V. N., Lazareva A. M., Tsvirko M. P.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

2019

Vol. 22

20--25

Arc-discharge atomic-emission spectrometry was used for determining trace amounts of metals in human blood and urine. Radiation spectra were recorded on an atomic-emission multichannel spectrometer AEMS. An optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) based on a photodiode array was used as the detector. The spectral resolution was characterized by the range 0.011 nm/diode and a spectral-line half-width no more than 0.033-0.044 nm. The samples were prepared for the measurements by the method of dry mineralization without acids. The obtained ash was mixed with a graphite powder in 3:7 mass ratio. For urine samples, the second variant of buffering a mixture of a graphite powder with potassium chloride (9.2 % of K) was also conducted. For determining the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in blood and the concentration of Co, Mn, Ni and Cu in urine three types of the calibrating mixtures containing, respectively, equal amounts of graphite powder and having predetermined concentrations of matrix elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe) were prepared. Lyphochek Urine Metals Control, Level 1 and Seronorm Trace Elements Urine was used as a reference material in determining trace amounts of elements in urine. Limits of detection were 0.13; 0.7 and 5.5 μg l-1 for Cd, Zn and Pb in blood and 1.2; 1.4; 1.5 and 1.9 μg l-1 for Ni, Mn, Co and Cu in urine respectively. The results obtained and the simplicity of preparation of samples for analysis, allow the conclusion that arc-discharge atomic-emission spectrometry can be used for determination of trace elements in human biological samples, forensic and clinical toxicology, screening investigations in ecologically adverse regions and workers in unhealthy industries.