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Emission Measurements of Geogenic Greenhouse Gases in the Area of “Pusty Las” Abandoned Oilfield (Polish Outer Carpathians)

Guzy P., Pietrzycki D., Świerczewska A., Sechman H., Twaróg A., Góra A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

100--109

EN

The Carpathians may play a significant role as a supplier of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Unfortunately, most of the discovered oil and gas deposits are recently only historical objects. An example is the Sękowa-Ropica Górna-Siary oil deposit located in the marginal part of the Magura Nappe where oil had been extracted in dug wells until the mid XX century. One of such extraction sites is the “Pusty Las” oilfield. In that area, 10 methane and carbon dioxide emission measurement sites were located, among which 4 in dried dug wells and 6 in dig wells still filled with oil and/or water. Dynamics of methane and carbon dioxide concentration changes were measured with the modified static chambers method. Gas samples were collected immediately after the installation of the chamber and again, after 5 and 10 minutes. In the case of reclaimed or dry dug wells, static chamber was installed directly at the ground surface. In wells still filled with oil and/or water the chamber was equipped with an “apron” mounted on special sticks. The dynamics of concentrations changes varied from -0.871 to 119.924 ppm∙min-1 for methane and from -0.005 to 0.053% obj∙min-1 for carbon dioxide. Average methane emission was 1.9 g∙m-2∙d-1 and that of carbon dioxide was 26.95 g∙-2∙d-1. The measurements revealed that an abandoned oil field supplies significant amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere although the emission of methane is lower than that measured e.g. in mud volcanoes located in various parts of the world.

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Wybrane zagadnienia wytrzymałości połączeń zgrzewanych blach aluminiowych i tytanowych

Rudawska A., Góra A., Warda T.

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2014

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nr 2

131--135

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane zagadnienia montażu połączeń zgrzewanych blach aluminiowych i tytanowych. Do wykonania połączeń zgrzewanych wykorzystano blachę wykonaną ze stopu aluminium o oznaczeniu 2024 (wg normy europejskiej EN AW-2024 T42 AlCu4Mg1) oraz blachę wykonaną z czystego tytanu o oznaczeniu CP2 (wg normy amerykańskiej ASTM F 67:2000-Ti Grade 2). Analizowano połączenia zakładkowe, nakładkowe i dwunakładkowe, wykonane z blach o grubościach: 0,64 oraz 0,81 mm, obciążone na ścinanie. Połączenia wykonano przy różnych parametrach technologicznych zgrzewania, metodą zgrzewania punktowego, zgodnie z normą PN-EN ISO 18592:2010 oraz według instrukcji technicznych IT – 210 oraz IT – 234, dotyczących wykonania połączeń zgrzewanych. Zgrzeiny rozmieszczono zgodnie z normą PN-74/M-69020. Badania doświadczalne polegały na analizie porównawczej wytrzymałości połączeń, wykonanych z różnych materiałów konstrukcyjnych, przy różnych parametrach technologicznych zgrzewania. Analizując i porównując uzyskane wyniki, można stwierdzić, że wytrzymałość połączeń zgrzewanych zależy zarówno od parametrów technologicznych, jak również konstrukcyjnych. Wraz ze wzrostem grubości zgrzewanego materiału wytrzymałość połączeń wzrasta. Ponadto materiały konstrukcyjne, które mają lepsze właściwości mechaniczne, wykazują zdecydowanie wyższą wytrzymałość, tak jak w przypadku tytanu technicznego.

EN

The article presents selected issues of aluminium and titanium sheets welded joints assembly. To make joints the aluminium alloy 2024 (according to European Standard EN AW-2024 AlCu4Mg1 T42) and pure titanium of CP2 (according to American standard ASTM F 67:2000-Ti Grade 2) were used. The following joints were analysed: single lap, single-sided strapped, double-sided strapped joints made from sheet metal of thicknesses: 0.64 and 0.81 mm, and were subjected to shear. The connection is made with a variety of technological parameters of welding, spot welding method according to standard PN-EN ISO 18592:2010, and according to the technical instructions IT-210 and IT-234, regarding implementation of the welded connection. Welds are made according to standard PN-76/M-69020. Experimental study consists on the analysis of the joints strength made of various construction materials and that used different technological parameters of welding. By analysing and comparing the results, it can be concluded that the strength of the welded joints depends on both technological parameters as well. The increase of the thickness of the joining material causes the increase of the strength. In addition, construction materials, which have better mechanical properties, obtained the higher strength, as in the case of titanium.

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Implementation of digital maps and documentation of the site based on geographic information system for the selected regions of oil trail

Góra A., Franczak S., Lupa M., Solecki M., Cygal A., Świąder A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

100--101

EN

GIS is a well-organized database, which allows storing information about objects and phenomena that includes both Earth and its surface. Nowadays, rapid technological development can be observed. Databases (geodatabase) are designed to enable presentation of the world, as well as to allow multi-dimensional analysis of the collected information regarding a space (Chrobak 2009, Gotlib 2009). This solution creates a kind of object-oriented map, which includes spatial and numerical data collected from various sources and combined together, such that these form a coherent representation of geospatial (Bac-Bronowicz 2010, Dorożyński 2010, Gotlib et al. 2005). This provides a rich source of comprehensive information with possible multiple access, both in the form of simultaneous read and work (Dorożyński 2010, Lupa & Piórkowski 2012). Members of the "KIWON" Scientific Society at the Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection AGH proposed the idea of creating a full documentation of selected areas of the Podkarpacki Region, which was studied thoroughly by them in the last several years. The first stage of the project includes creating a three-dimensional model of the terrain surface based on data from the scanning of air (LiDAR). The modeled area will cover selected areas of the Oil Trail, especially around the Bóbrka and Ustrzyki Dolne. Szlak Naftowy is a cross-border route connecting the places related to the birth and history of the oil industry. The main axis of the route goes through Jasło - Krosno - Sanok - Lesko - Ustrzyki Dolne, and the further part is located in the Ukrainian side. The latter area is not a matter of our study. The main aim of the project is developing digital maps of selected regions of Szlak Naftowy based on Geographic Information System. Maps will provide integrated information on topographical, geological and environmental occurrence of the selected areas of oil and gas from the Krosno area to the Polish-Ukrainian border. The purpose of this study is to create a detailed three-dimensional map of two areas, (1) the Bóbrka area and (2) Ustrzyki Dolne (Polana deposit). The map will present ground surface and ground three-dimensional model, developed on the basis of borehole data. These models will be developed in two independent systems, enabling the creation of three-dimensional models of the substrate (ArcScene and Petrel). Additionally, a comparative analysis will be carried out on both output models. Point clouds acquired by laser scanning LIDAR method will be used in creating a digital model of the terrain surface. A complementary NMT based on satellite data (In-SAR method) will be created as well. The planned result of this work is a digital, interactive map that will provide opportunity of analyzing individual layers to oil and gas in the studied area and the creation of visualization ground, consideration natural and anthropogenic objects. To summarize, a database containing the coordinates of the waypoints and the localized geological and environmental information will be formed through reconnaissance vehicle that includes updating and verifing the locations of the pits and natural leakage of oil and natural gas along the trail of Szlak Naftowy, as well as photographic documentation.

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Mechanism of Hydrogen Abstraction by O- Species in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Early Al kanes: Propane, Ethane and Methane. Model Theoretical DFT Study

Góra A., Broclawik E.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2008

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Vol. 82, nr 9

1793-1799

EN

Decomposition of methanol was adopted as a simple test for standardizing of activity of ZnO containing superbasic catalysts with respect to their applicability in CH3OH synthesis. The values of the rate constants and activation energies were evaluated considering the reaction mechanism. Obtained data were compared with those obtained for Pd/SiO2 and Pt/SiO2 catalysts.

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Badania nad zwiększeniem funkcjonalności ektoprotez silikonowych

Stodolak E., Matraszek H., Góra A., Błażewicz S.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2008

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Vol. 11, no. 81-84

31--35

PL

Silikonowe protezy twarzy (epitezy, ektoprotezy, protezy zewnętrzne) stosowane są u pacjentów, którzy w wyniku zabiegu chirurgicznego, w ramach leczenia chorób nowotworowych, wad wrodzonych, urazu utracili tkanki miękkie i twarde w zakresie twarzoczaszki np. oko, ucho, nos. Rekonstrukcje protetyczne wykorzystuje się w przypadku, gdy metody chirurgii plastycznej są nieskuteczne lub nie mogą być zastosowane. Istnieją różne metody umocowania ektoprotez. Badania kliniczne i ankietowe wykazały, iż większość pacjentów w pierwszej kolejności wybierała kleje medyczne. Niestety kleje te charakteryzują się krótkim czasem trwałego przytwierdzenia protezy do miejsca ubytku. W pracy zbadano przyczepności trzech rodzajów materiałów silikonowych przytwierdzanych do skóry pacjentów za pomocą klejów i taśm komercyjnych. W celu poprawy adhezji tworzywa zastosowano dwa rodzaje modyfikacji powierzchni. Zbadano wpływ obróbki mechanicznej na powierzchnie silikonów (gwarantujący wzrost chropowatości powierzchni). Zbadano także skuteczność chemicznej metody obróbki powierzchni (trawienie tworzywa w roztworach kwasów nieorganicznych). Celem weryfikacji skuteczności zastosowanych metod modyfikujących powierzchnię opracowano metodę pomiaru adhezji pomiędzy materiałem polimerowym a badanym środkiem klejącym (taśma, klej) wykorzystując w tym celu układ uchwytów uniwersalnej maszyny wytrzymałościowej.

EN

Silicone facial prostheses (epitheses, ecto-prostheses, external prostheses) are applied for patients who lost soft and hard tissues in craniofacial area, e. g. eye, ear, nose, due to a surgical treatment; tumour diseases treatment; birth defects or injuries. Prosthetic reconstructions are used when plastic surgery methods are ineffective, or cannot be applied. There are various methods of the ecto-prostheses fastening. Clinical tests and surveys revealed that the first choice for the majority of patients is medical glues. However, such glues can provide only short-time fastening of prosthesis to the damaged area. The work presents results of investigations on adhesion of three kinds of silicone materials fastened to patients' skin with the use of commercial glues and adhesive tapes. In order to improve the materials' adhesion two methods of their surface modification were applied. Influence of a mechanical treatment on the materials' surface was investigated. Effectiveness of the surface chemical treatment i.e. etching of the materials with inorganic acids solutions was investigated. In order to verify effectiveness of the applied surface modification methods a testing method of adhesion between the material and the adhesive agent i.e. adhesive tape or glue was developed. The testing method utilised a universal testing machine.

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Warunki spajania tarciowego i struktura złączy Al2O3-Al i Al2O3-Cu

Włosiński W., Chmielewski T., Grabowska A., Góra A.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2003

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R. 75, nr 12

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