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Waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel: A review

Amardeep, Kumar Rakesh, Kumar Naveen

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2024

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Vol. 45, no 1

87--97

EN

Today, with the high population density of the world, the energy demand is increasing continuously. Global dependency on fossil fuels is very strong and there is a compelling need to reduce our energy consumption in order to offset greenhouse gas emissions. Due to regularly increasing prices of fossil fuels alternative fuels are needed to fulfill the requirements of developing countries like India. Plastics in today's world have become crucial. They are excessively used in industry, as well as in households and other fields due to their lightweight, durability, and design flexibility. Plastic demand is growing day by day, which now poses a huge environmental threat. The current study summarizes the use of WPO (waste plastic oil) in the diesel engine and also concludes the combustion, performance, and emission parameters. After an exhaustive literature search, some interesting results have been found. The study reveals that when using WPO as an alternative source in a diesel engine, the combustion, performance, and emissions are similar to those using conventional diesel fuel. An enhanced BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and reduced emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reported.

2

Application of goal programming in the textile apparel industry to resolve production planning problems : a meta-goal programming technique using weights

Malik Zahid Amin, Kumar Rakesh, Pathak Govind, Roy Haridas

Operations Research and Decisions

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2022

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Vol. 32, No. 2

74--88

EN

In the present business environment, rapidly developing technology and the competitive world market pose challenges to the available assets of industries. Hence, industries need to allocate and use available assets at the optimum level. Thus, industrialists must create a good decision plan to guide their performance in the production sector. As a result, the present study applies the Meta-Goal Programming technique to attain several objectives simultaneously in the textile production sector. The importance of this study lies in pursuing different objectives simultaneously, which has been almost ignored till now. The production scheduling problem in a textile firm is used to illustrate the practicability and mathematical validity of the suggested approach. Analysis of the results obtained demonstrates that the solution met all three meta-goals with some original goals being met partially. An analysis of the sensitivity of the approach to the weights of the preferences was conducted.

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Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in Opportunistic Networks

Prabha Chander, Kumar Rakesh

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 24

87--90

EN

In today's world doing data transfer in delay tolerant networks (DTN) environment is a challenging task. In DTN nodes are characterized to meet opportunistically to do routing and data transfer. In opportunistic environment no end-to-end path exists between destination and source. The contacts are made opportunistic while coming in contact for a short span of time. All communication is within this span only. Due to this feature the DTN's are sometimes recognized as Opportunistic Networks (ON's). The rules are not predefined here for choosing the next node as applicable in conventional schemes of routing. In this paper the performance of opportunistic routing protocols have been investigated namely PRoPHET, Spray and Wait, SimBet, Bubble Rap in terms of robustness and scalability. The concept of Ant Colony Optimization is used to find optimal routes while doing routing decision. The performance of SimBet and Bubble Rap is better with respect to throughput as they belong to social context aware category of protocols. Performance is evaluated in terms of packet dropped and overhead ratio also. The overhead ratio is better in SimBet and Bubble Rap as compared to Spray and Wait and PRoPHET. Depending on buffer size, speed, contact times these routing strategies shows variable performance. The result indicates that the social aware algorithms have the ability and capacity to exchange/carry information faster and improve the connectivity in ON's.

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Implementing Cyclic Redundancy Check as Error Correction Technique in HDLC

Sooch Shardeep Kaur, Gupta Meenu, Kumar Rakesh

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 24

131--136

EN

Any successful communication is governed by some set of rules to manage the flow control of the transmitted data. One such protocol is High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) which is a bit-oriented protocol used for communication over the point to point or multipoint links. Residing in the data link layer (layer 2) of Open System Interconnection (OSI), this protocol transmits data in frames. HDLC can be used for detecting the errors in the data which are induced during the transmission from sender to receiver. This paper focuses on not only detecting the error but also correcting it by using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). Cyclic codes are a special type of linear Block Codes in which one codeword can be cyclically shifted to obtain another codeword. The CRC generator is modulo-2 added with the data in the information frame of HDLC and the remainder is obtained. When this data is sent over any transmission channel, there are high chances of data being erroneous due to interference of unrequired signals in the channel. When data reaches the receiver end, a similar modulo-2 addition is carried to obtain another remainder. This remainder is compared with the remainder transmitted by the sender. The two compared remainders detect the location of the error bit which is corrected by flipping that specific bit. This reduces the need for Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mechanisms to obtain the correct information as the data can be self-corrected at the receiver end.