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Human-automation interaction for autonomous ships: decision support for remote operators

Porathe T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 3

511--515

At NTNU in Norway an 8-year research project has been established to (among other things) research the interaction between humans and unmanned, autonomous ships. The human will become even more important when ship operator will be located remotely in shore control centers ashore. This concept paper will take a closer look on remote decision-making by operators monitoring several ships. How can interface design help them to get quickly into-the-loop when something unexpected suddenly happens? I will in this paper suggest keeping a copy of the AI expert-system controlling the ship, updated and running in parallel in the control center to keep the operator’s situation awareness during short communication glitches. Also, to design a “quickly-getting-into-the-loop-display” which automatically will appear in an alarm situation, allowing the operator just-in-time and simple-to-understand information. I will also stress the important of the concept automation transparency.

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and the COLREGS: Do we need quantified rules or is “the ordinary practice of seamen” specific enough?

Porathe T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2019

Vol. 13, no. 3

511--517

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is currently on the agenda in several countries and also in the IMO. In Norway a 120 TEU container feeder is being build and will start sailing autonomously in 2022. The challenge is huge. One question is whether or not the present, quantitative, collision regulations needs to be updated to rules where expressions as “early” and “substantial” are quantified? Or if ships can sail autonomously under the present rules? Another question is if MASS should be marked to signal that the ship is in autonomous mode? Or if it is enough that she follows COLREGS? This discussion paper will take a closer look at these questions and advocate automation transparency, meaning that the behavior of an autonomous vessel has to make sense and be understandable to human operators on other manned ships and crafts.

Harmonised Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information

Alexander L., Lee S., Baranowski A., Porathe T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2013

Vol. 7, no. 1

39--43

A Guideline on the Harmonised Portrayal of e‐Navigation‐related Information was recently completed by IALA. The purpose of this Guideline is to provide guidance regarding the presentation and display of e‐Navigation‐related information. The basic, over‐riding premise of this Guideline is that shipborne and shore‐based equipment, systems, and services should portray e‐Navigation‐related information to all users (both onboard and ashore) in a consistent manner. However, since e‐Navigation is an evolutionary process, this goal‐based guideline describes over‐arching objectives to be achieved, while freedom to innovate is left to both developers and users. An explanation is provided about key aspects of the Guideline. In particular, a website has been established to show examples of useful ways to portray e‐Navigation information for current as well as some future types of equipment, systems, and services.