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Soil conditions under great cormorant and grey heron colonies in a wetland : Effect on soil nematode abundance and trophic structure

Kozacki Dawid, Ilieva-Makulec Krassimira, Hryniewicz Marek, Makulec Grzegorz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

79--88

EN

This study aimed to investigate how great cormorants and grey herons affect the density and trophic diversity of soil nematodes under breeding colonies located in Stawy Raszyńskie Nature Reserve (central Poland). Soil samples from the colonies were compared to control samples from adjacent areas unaffected by birds. Samples were taken at each site (two colonies and two relevant control sites) to a depth of 20 cm, and the soil cores were split into topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsoil (10-20 cm). A modified Baermann method was used to extract nematodes from the soil. The soil under nests supported more abundant nematode communities, but with a lower trophic diversity compared to the control sites. The cormorants had a greater impact on nematodes than the herons. We found that the external nitrogen input, the higher organic matter content and abundance of ammonifying bacteria, as well as the lower soil pH under the colonies than in the control sites, affected the nematode trophic groups in different ways. Compared to the control sites, there were significantly more bacterivorous nematodes but fewer herbivorous nematodes under the colonies. No predatory nematodes were found under the bird colonies and, in the case of the cormorant colony, no omnivorous nematodes. No significant differences in the abundance of fungivorous nematodes between the impact and the control plots were noticed. The results indicate that allochthonous input under bird colonies promotes microbial activity and the most opportunistic trophic group of nematodes, which may at least temporarily enhance decomposition and mineralisation processes and consequently affect nutrient cycling in the wetland soil.

2

Wykorzystanie paździerza konopnego jako zamiennika mieszanki kruszywowej w mieszance betonowej do produkcji prefabrykatów betonowych

Hryniewicz Marek, Borek Kinga, Mazur Kamila, Konieczna Anita, Motyka Jan, Rutkowski Mateusz, Rutkowski Tomasz, Nazaruk Mateusz, Koperski Błażej, Koperski Witold, Ludwiniak Mariusz

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2022

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Vol. 43, nr 1

23--25

PL

W celu zmniejszania emisji gazów szklarniowych prowadzone są różne działania mające na celu ograniczenie tego zjawiska, m.in. prace nad nowymi materiałami. W artykule zostały opisane próby laboratoryjne polegające na przygotowaniu różnych mieszanek betonowych z dodatkiem paździerza konopnego, które zostały uformowane do postaci kostek, a następnie wysezonowane i przetestowane pod względem wytrzymałości. Na ich postawie została zweryfikowana wytrzymałość próbek betonowych w zależności od ilości dodanego paździerza konopnego. Największą wytrzymałość miały próbki zawierające paździerz w ilości 20–40%. Ogólna ocena prób wskazuje, że paździerz konopny może stanowić dobry i ekologiczny zamiennik surowcowy w prefabrykatach betonowych.

EN

Various measures are being introduced to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among others, reducing emissions by working on new materials. The paper describes laboratory tests involving the preparation of various concrete mixtures with the addition of hemp shive, which were formed into cubes and then seasoned and tested for strength. On this basis, the strength of concrete samples was verified depending on the amount of hemp shive added. The samples containing 20–40% hemp shive had the highest strength. The overall evaluation of the samples indicates that hemp shive may be a good and ecological raw material substitute in precast concrete products.

3

Simulations of fuels consumption in the CHP system based on modernised GTD-350 turbine engine

Hryniewicz Marek, Roman Kamil

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

250--255

EN

There were done simulations of fuels consumption in the system of electrical energy and heat production based on modernised GTD-350 turbine engine with the use of OGLST programme. In intention the system based on GTD-350 engine could be multifuel system which utilise post-fying vegetable oil, micronised biomass, sludge, RDF and fossil fuels as backup fuels. These fuels have broad spectrum of LHV fuel value from 6 (106 J•kg-1 ) (e.g. for sludge) to 46 (106 J•kg-1) (for a fuel equivalent with similar LHV as propan) and were simulations scope. Simulation results showed non linear dependence in the form of power function between unitary fuel mass consumption of simulated engine GTD-350 needed to production of 1 kWh electrical energy and LHV fuel value (106 J•kg-1). In this dependence a constant 14.648 found in simulations was multiplied by LHV raised to power - 0.875. The R2 determination coefficient between data and determined function was 0.9985. Unitary fuel mass consumption varied from 2.911 (kg•10-3•W-1•h-1) for 6 (106 J•kg-1) LHV to 0.502 (kg•10-3 •W-1 •h-1) for 46 (106 J•kg-1) LHV. There was assumed 7,000 (h) work time per year and calculated fuels consumption for this time. Results varied from 4,311.19 (103 kg) for a fuel with 6 (106 J•kg-1) LHV to 743.46 (103 kg) for a fuel with 46 (106 J•kg-1) LHV. The system could use fuels mix and could be placed in containers and moved between biomass wastes storages placed in many different places located on rural areas or local communities.

4

Mathematical models use to yield prognosis of perennials on marginal land according to fertilisers doses

Hryniewicz Marek, Strzelczyk Maria, Helis Marek, Paszkiewicz-Jasińska Anna, Steinhoff-Wrzesniewska Aleksandra, Roman Kamil

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

233--242

EN

Models describe our beliefs about how the world functions. In mathematical modelling, we translate those beliefs into the language of mathematics. Mathematical models can yield prognose on the base of applied fertiliser dose. In this work results of finding yield mathematical model according to fertiliser (nitrogen) dose for perennials (willowleaf sunflower Helianthus salicifolious, cup plant Silphium perfoliatum and Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus) on marginal land are presented. Models were described as normalised square equations for dependence between yield and fertiliser doses. Experiments were conducted in lisymeters and vases for willowleaf sunflower and cup plant. For Jerusalem artichoke experiments were done in vases only. All experiments have been doing during two years (2018 and 2019) for different fertilisers doses (45, 90 and 135 kg N∙ha-1) in three repetitions. From simulations maximal yield could be achieved for following fertiliser doses – willowleaf sunflower 104 kg N∙ha-1, cup plant 85 kg N∙ha-1 and Jerusalem artichoke 126 kg N∙ha-1.

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Yield forecasting using artificial intelligence

Barwicki Jan, Hryniewicz Marek, Grzybek Anna

Polish Technical Review

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2020

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No. 1

19--22

EN

The article reviews and analyzes literature for application of artificial intelligence in forecasting of crop yield. Yield forecasting models were based on neural networks, fuzzy logic or hybrid solutions. When designing new yield forecasting models, analyzes of the main factors of components that are important for yield forecasting should be performed. This is to eliminate unnecessary or negligible factors for forecasting. It is also important to review the databases that will be used for forecasting. The data with unusual numerical results that differ significantly from reality should be deleted. This will improve the quality of the databases and, as a result, will give better forecasting results. In more complex cases, it would be recommended to create hybrid solutions combining neural networks and fuzzy logic to combine the advantages of both solutions.

PL

W artykule wykonano przegląd i analizę literatury dla zastosowań sztucznej inteligencji przy prognozowaniu plonów. Modele prognozowania plonów były oparte o sieci neuronowe, logikę rozmytą lub rozwiązania hybrydowe. Przy projektowaniu nowych modeli prognozowania plonów należy przeprowadzić analizy głównych składowych czynników, które są istotne dla prognozowania plonu. Ma to na celu eliminację czynników zbędnych lub mało znaczących dla prognozowania. Istotne jest również dokonanie przeglądu baz danych, które zostaną wykorzystane do prognozowania.

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Wyznaczenie znormalizowanej krzywej plonowania rożnika przerośniętego (Silphium perfoliatum) względem dawki azotu

Hryniewicz Marek

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 7

1083--1084

PL

Wykorzystano dane literaturowe dotyczące plonów rożnika przerośniętego w 3 miejscowościach położonych w południowym Chile. Zastosowano oprogramowanie komputerowe do określenia wpływu dawek azotu na plony upraw, na plon maksymalny oraz na plon znormalizowany w odniesieniu do plonu maksymalnego.

EN

Literature data on the cultivation of the tested plant in 3 cities located in the southern Chile and computer software were used to det. an effect of N dose on yields of its crops, on maximal yield as well as on normalized yields in relation to the max. yield.