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Older and Younger Holsteinian climate oscillations in the palaeobotanical record of the Brus profile (SE Poland)

Hrynowiecka A., Pidek I. A.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 4

723--737

EN

A pollen sequence of Holsteinian/Mazovian age known since the 1980s in Brus (Western Polesie) is the second site with a plant macrofossil record in eastern Poland. High sedimentation rates in a palaeolake that functioned in this area have allowed a detailed climate reconstruction that enabled to trace the Older and Younger Holsteinian oscillations and to outline the water-level changes in the water body. Climate reconstructions, based on full palaeobotanical analyses (pollen and macroremains), were compared with those from Nowiny Żukowskie (Lublin Upland), revealing regional climatic patterns. The two Holsteinian climate oscillations were correlated with those detected in the Dethlingen section of Germany (Koutsodendris et al., 2010), providing more information on the spatial scale of these events.

2

New palaeoclimate reconstructions based on multidisciplinary investigation in the Ferdynandów 2011 stratotype site (eastern Poland)

Stachowicz-Rybka R., Pidek I. A., Żarski M.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 2

276--290

EN

Drilling carried out in 2011 at Ferdynandów (E Poland), serving as a stratotype for the Ferdynandovian Interglacial, enabled its re-examination with high-resolution palynological, plant macroremains, and sedimentological analyses. Lacustrine sediments included a record of the Late Sanian 1 (= Elsterian 1) Glaciation, a complete Ferdynandovian succession, and the Early Sanian 2 (= Elsterian 2) Glaciation. Particular similarities in the succession observed between the Ferdynandów 2011 profile and the adjacent sites of the same age in Łuków-3A and Zdany provide a basis for detailed palaeoclimate interpretation. The Ferdynandovian succession of all the three pollen profiles can be clearly divided into two distinct interglacials separated by a sequence of pollen spectra typical of a glacial succession with pollen zones of stadial-interstadial fluctuations. Warm units in the Ferdynandów 2011 succession correspond to climatostratigraphic units of Ferdynandovian 1 and 2, while the cold unit – to Ferdynandovian 1/2. This division can be applied to all Ferdynandovian successions in Poland and allows their correlation with the early Middle Pleistocene Cromerian Complex of Western Europe (Cromerian II Westerhoven and Cromerian III Rosmalen) as well as with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13–15. For each biostratigraphic unit, mean temperatures of the warmest and coldest months, and mean annual temperature and precipitation were reconstructed. For the comparison with the Ferdynandów 2011 pollen diagram the data based on modern pollen analogues for the Łuków-3A pollen diagram were used.

3

Plant exploitation by the inhabitants of the Wielbark culture settlement complex near the village Ulów, SE Poland, at the background of the natural environment

Pidek I. A., Wasylikowa K., Moskal-del Hoyo M.

Folia Quaternaria

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2017

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nr 85

81--108

EN

Palynological and archaeobotanical investigations were carried out on a large settlement complex of the Wielbark culture dated to the late Roman and early Migration periods, situated near the village Ulów in the Middle Roztocze, SE Poland. Pollen diagrams which covered the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods revealed the development of forests with European hornbeam Carpinus betulus, lime Tilia sp., oak Quercus sp. and common beech Fagus sylvatica in the Subboreal and the spread of silver fir Abies alba in the Subatlantic phase. Pollen spectra from both periods provided the evidence of cereal cultivation and animal grazing in the neighbourhood of the settlement. The analysis of daub coming from the Wielbark culture features documented the predominance of common barley Hordeum vulgare and common millet Panicum miliaceum among the cereals and probably lesser significance of wheat, emmer Triticum dicoccon or einkorn T. monococcum. Charcoal assemblages were examined from the settlement and from the cemetery. Taking into account the number of charcoal fragments, Quercus sp. was the most abundant taxon, followed by Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, and birch Betula sp. Other taxa were only occasionally found. The taxonomic lists were very similar in the settlement and the cemetery, but there was a discrepancy between the predominating taxa since birch was the most frequent at the cemetery and oak in the settlement.

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What was the interglacial river like? Sedimentological investigation of Holsteinian fluvial deposits in eastern Poland

Zieliński T., Terpiłowski S., Zieliński P., Pidek I. A., Godlewska A., Czubla P.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

149--166

EN

Holsteinian fluvial deposits in the Samica River valley in eastern Poland have been studied, in an approximately 12-m-thick succession filling palaeochannels and comprising sandy channel facies succeeded by a package of gyttja, peat and silt deposited in oxbow. Channel belts including palaeochannel fills cut into outwash sands and are overlain by diamictic sands reworked by solifluction under periglacial conditions. Sedimentological and palynological investigations in combination allowed the recognition of glacial and interglacial deposits. The channel belt was formed by a typical sand-bed, meandering river with deposition controlled by abundant point bars. The sedimentary evolution of the Samica valley is interpreted in the context of the glacial-interglacial cycle. Valley-scale erosion and change of river style from braided to meandering occurred coevally with the decay of an ice sheet (deglaciation) and the main phase of meandering river sedimentation is attributed to latest Elsterian and early Holsteinian. The next part of the interglacial, from pioneer stage to established temperate conditions, is recorded in a biogenic oxbow-lake fill. The succession studied has been compared with published data on the European fluvial deposits of Middle Pleistocene interglacials. It is pointed out here that river channel patterns in western and eastern Europe differed. Based on this observation, some general hypotheses regarding the continental-scale climatic distinctness are put forward.

5

Instability of the environment at the end of the Eemian Interglacial as illustrated by the isopollen maps for Poland

Kupryjanowicz M., Granoszewski W., Nalepka D., Pidek I. A., Walanus A., Balwierz Z., Fiłoc M., Kołaczek P., Majecka A., Malkiewicz M., Nita M., Noryśkiewicz B., Winter H.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

225--237

EN

Many terrestrial pollen profiles from Poland (and a few pollen records from other parts of Central Europe) show the end of the last interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) to have been characterized by climatic and environmental instability. This is expressed by a strong, rapid cooling in the middle part of the pine phase ending this interglacial (E7 regional pollen assemblage zone), and then a re-warming at the very end of this phase, immediately before the transition to the glacial conditions of the last glaciation (Vistulian, Weichselian, MIS 5d). We have characterized the regional distribution of these climatic fluctuations in Poland on the basis of isopollen maps prepared for the Eemian Interglacial based on palynological data from 31 Polish pollen profiles. These maps show unequivocally that the intra-interglacial cooling at the end of the Eemian Interglacial was a transregional phenomenon, which was reflected very clearly by a temporary openness of vegetation across the whole of Poland. It was associated with a distinct decrease in pine forest areas and an increase in birch forests and open communities of cold steppe type with a domination of Artemisia. The pronounced climate and environment instability during the last phase of the Eemian Interglacial may be consistent with it being a natural phenomenon, characteristic of transitional stages. Taking into consideration the currently observed global warming, coinciding with a natural cooling trend, the study of such transitional stages is important for understanding the underlying processes of climate change.

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How to resolve Pleistocene stratigraphic problems by different methods? A case study from eastern Poland

Terpiłowski S., Zieliński T., Kusiak J., Pidek I.A., Czubla P., Hrynowiecka A., Godlewska A., Zieliński P., Małek M.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

235--250

EN

Different methods have been used to determine the stratigraphic position of Pleistocene alluvial deposits, particularly fluvial interglacial deposits. Near-surface deposits of a meandering river, developed in point-bar and oxbow lake facies, in the Samica River valley (near Łuków, eastern Poland) have been investigated. The fossil valley is incised into the till plain and the outwash. The fluvial succession is locally overlain by solifluction deposits. All the deposits underwent sedimentological analysis. The petrographic composition of basal till occurring in the vicinity of a fossil valley was determined with the method of indicator erratics. Fluvial deposits were examined by pollen analysis and plant macrofossil analysis of oxbow lake facies. Absolute dating methods were applied to the deposits (thermoluminescence methods: TL and additionally IRSL). Lithological differences between fluvial and the surrounding glaciofluvial deposits were identified and their lithostratigraphic position assigned. Petrographic analysis of till and palaeobotanical analyses of oxbow lake facies gave compatible results. Fluvial deposits were formed after the Sanian 2/Elsterian Glaciation, during the Mazovian/Holsteinian Interglacial. Luminescence dating of the fluvial deposits by the TLMAX method yielded the most relevant results (412-445 ka), which indicate that these deposits were formed during the end of the MIS 12 and beginning of the MIS 11 stage.

7

Multi-proxy reconstruction of mire development in the Poręby Wojsławskie Ecosystem (Sandomierz Basin, Southeastern Poland)

Chodorowski J., Plak A., Pidek I. A., Dobrowolski R.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 3

177--186

EN

Multi-proxy analysis (sedimentological, palaeobotanical, geochemical data and results of radiocarbon dating) of the biogenic sediments from a small mire ecosystem in the Sandomierz Basin (SE Poland) is presented. The ecosystem contains a full hydroseral sequence from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic wetland. It is one of the few sites in this region which is so thoroughly investigated in terms of the palaeoenvironmental record. Changes in the water supply of the mire area, and conse-quently the changes in the plant and sediment succession, were well correlated with the regional tendencies in precipitation and temperature during the Late Glacial/Holocene transition and in the Holocene. Human impact is very well recorded in pollen diagram from the Subboreal period.

8

Interdisciplinary studies of spring mire deposits from Radzików (South Podlasie Lowland, east Poland) and their significance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

Dobrowolski R., Pidek I. A., Alexandrowicz W. P., Hałas S., Pazdur A., Piotrowska N., Buczek A., Urban D., Melke J.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 1

10-29

EN

The paper presents the results of interdisciplinary (multi-proxy) palaeoenvironmental studies of peat – calcareous tufa depositional sequences of spring mire from Radzików site (east Poland). Analyses of three biotic proxies (plant macrofossils, pollen, molluscs) were supplemented with sedi-mentological, geochemical, oxygen and carbon stable isotopes analyses and radiocarbon dating and used for reconstruction of environmental changes in Late Glacial and Holocene. The obtained results enable us to (1) reconstruct main phases of mire development and (2) determine environmental fac-tors influencing changes of water supply. The object started to develop in Allerød. The Late Glacial and Early Holocene deposit sequence is relatively thick (about 1.0 m), with good palaeoecological record. The boundary between Younger Dryas and Preboreal is especially well confirmed by palynological and malacological analyses as well as radiocarbon dating. The Mesoholocene deposits are considerably worse preserved. Mire develop-ment was evaluated in terms of general mire ecology.

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A bi-partite Ferdynandovian succession from Łuków, Eastern Poland: a new palynostratigraphic approach

Pidek I. A., Małek M.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 1

69-84

EN

The paper presents a new approach to the Middle Pleistocene lacustrine deposits at the Łuków site (Łuków Plain, E Poland). The resultsof pollen analysis document a rarely found complete Ferdynandovian pollen succession with evidence of two warm periods of interglacial rank and two cold ones. New geological and palynological data are presented and interpreted against a background of earlier researchby Rühle and Sobolewska from 1969, including a comparison with the nearest complete Ferdynandovian succession at Zdany (SiedlceUpland) and with the stratotype section of Ferdynandów. The proposed division of the Łuków sequence into two warm periods separatedby a succession typical of glacial periods has been based on a new division of Ferdynandovian pollen succession applied for the first timeto the Podgórze B1 pollen profile. Two warm units and the intervening cold one in the Łuków pollen sequence correspond to theclimatostratigraphical units Ferdynandovian 1 and 2 separated by the cooling/glaciation (Ferdynandovian 1/2) and can be related to theCromerian Complex.

10

Environmental changes and human impact on Holocene evolution of the Horodyska River valley (Lublin Upland, East Poland)

Dobrowolski R., Pidek I. A., Gołub S., Dzieńkowski T.

Geochronometria

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2010

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Vol. 35

35-47

EN

Interdisciplinary palaeoenvironmental studies, conducted near the multi-cultural archaeological sites in the Horodyska River valley (Lublin Upland, East Poland), enable to reconstruct natural and anthropogenic changes of fluvial landscape in the Holocene. The changes are evidenced by the results of archaeological, geological, sedimentological and palynological investigations, as well as radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating. The Horodyska fluvial system started functioning at the turn of the Late Vistulian and Preboreal. From the beginning of the Subatlantic the record of environmental changes in valley deposits bears the mark of human impact. Main phases of settlement on the river valley bottom (higher terrace) correspond to rather dry periods (Neolithic, Bronze Age, Halstadt period, period of Roman influence, early Middle Ages). Moistening of climate and its associated rise of groundwater level forced people to move settlement on the loess plateau and found a stronghold at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries.

11

Kluczowy profil interglacjału mazowieckiego w Krukienicach na międzyrzeczu Sanu i Dniestru (Ukraina)

Łanczont M., Pidek I. A., Boguckyj A., Wieliczkiewicz Feliks, Wojtanowicz J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 7

597-608

PL

Obszar międzyrzecza Sanu i Dniestru na Wschodnim Podkarpaciu (północno-zachodnia część Ukrainy)- teren o kluczowym znaczeniu dla wielu problemów paleogeografii i stratygrafii czwartorzędu - uległ zlodowaceniu tylko w okresie glacjału san 2, ok. 500 ka BP. Osady staroglacjalne położone na dziale wodnym występują bezpośrednio przy powierzchni lub pod niewielką pokrywą osadów młodszych. Wyraźnie są tu zachowane formy rzeźby poglacjalnej. Dla problematyki mezoplejstocenu tego obszaru podstawowe znaczenie ma profil Krukienice. Przeprowadzono w nim kompleksowe badania osadów mineralnych (lessowych, jeziornych i glacigenicznych) oraz osadów organicznych (torf, gytia), dla których wykonano pełną analizę paleobotaniczną. Datowane metodą TL osady mineralne powyżej torfów i gytii reprezentują glacjały liwca i odry, zaś poniżej-osady związane z pobytem na międzyrzeczu Sanu i Dniestru lądolodu sanu 2. W stanowisku tym występuje prawie pełna mazowiecka sukcesja pyłkowa. Diagram pyłkowy przedstawia sześć lokalnych poziomów zespołów pyłkowych (L PAZ), które przyporządkowano czterem interglacjalnym okresom pyłkowym. Bogata flora makroszczątkowa stanowiska wykazuje obecność kilkunastu nasion cisa i kilku egzotycznych taksonów. Podobieństwa pomiędzy makroflorą z Krukienic i innymi makroflorami mazowieckiego wieku dowodzą jednolitego charakteru warunków klimatycznych panujących na dużych obszarach. Osady organogeniczne, występujące w kotlinowatych zagłębieniach sąsiadujących z kopalnym jeziorem, są związane ze schyłkową częścią interglacjału mazowieckiego. W artykule została zaprezentowana paleogeograficzna interpretacja rozwoju tego jeziora i sąsiadującego obszaru.

EN

The San and Dniester interfluve in the East Carpathian Foreland (north-western part of the Ukraine) - an extremely important area when considering many questions related to Quaternary palaeogeography and stratigraphy - was glaciated only once, during the San 2 Glaciation, about 500 ka BP. Old glacial deposits occurring in watershed areas are exposed or overlain by a thin cover of younger sediments. The glacial landforms are well preserved. The Krukienice profile of the Quaternary deposits is of fundamental importance for the problems connected with the Mesopleistocene in the studied area. The complex research of this profile concerned both mineral (loess, lacustrine, glacigenic) and organic (peat, gyttja) deposits. TL dated mineral deposits overlying peat and gyttja represent the Liwiec and Odra Glaciations, and those occurring under organic deposits are related to the San 2 Glaciation in the San and Dniester interfluve. Palaeobotanical analysis revealed almost complete pollen succession of the Mazovian Interglacial occurring in organic deposits of a fossil lake. Six local pollen assemblage zones (L PAZ), corresponding to four interglacial pollen periods, are presented as a simplified pollen diagram. The rich macroscopic flora of the site with the presence of a dozen or so seeds of Taxus and several exotic taxa is noteworthy. The similarities between Krukenyći macroflora and other macrofloras of the Mazovian Interglacial age evidence the uniformity of climatic conditions on vast areas. Organic deposits occurring in the depressions adjacent to the fossil lake are related to the end part of the Mazovian Interglacial. Palaeogeographical interpretation of the lake and neighbouring area development is presented.

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Interpretacja palinostratygraficzna zimnej jednostki pomiędzy dwiema ciepłymi w ferdynandowskiej sukcesji ze Zdan (Polska E)

Pidek I.A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 11

1035-1038

PL

W stanowisku osadów jeziornych ze Zdań we wschodniej Polsce występuje rzadko spotykana pełna ferdynandowska sukcesja pyłkowa. Załączony uproszczony diagram pyłkowy przedstawia tylko część tej sukcesji, obejmującą dwie jednostki zimne i dwie ciepłe dotychczas powszechnie nazywane dwoma optimami klimatycznymi. Porównanie z diagramem pyłkowym z profilu Podgórze Bl) wykazało znaczne podobieństwa charakteru roślinności zimnej jednostki dzielącej dwie ciepłe. Korelacja z profilem stratotypowym z Ferdynandowa wykazała, że w Zdunach w obrębie osadów korelowanych z szóstą fazą ferdynandowska występują cechy charakteryzujące roślinność pięter glacjalnych.

EN

Rarely found, full Ferdynandowian pollen succession occurs at Zdany site in eastern Poland. Simplified pollen diagram represents only apart of this succession, i.e. two cold and two warm units. The latter have been commonly termed two climatic optima till now. Comparison with the pollen diagram from the Podgórze Bl profile shows great similarities in the vegetation character of the cold unit separating two warm ones. Correlation with the stratotype profile from Ferdynandów has shown that at Zdany profile sediments correlated with the 6 th Ferdynandowian phase, have features distinctive for plants of glacial stages.