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The importance of sample size and statistical power in experimental research. A comparative study

Cristofolini C., Testoni M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2000

Vol. 2, no. 1

3-16

The aim of this paper is to stress the importance of a proper statistical determination of the sample size in experimental research, and to underline the possible effect of an experiment with an inadequate number of cases on the results. The first part of the paper introduces the statistical concepts needed for the sample size calculation. Type I and II errors are defined and the associated probabilities are presented. Statistical power of a test is explained and its correlation with the sample size and experimental variability is defined. In a second section, the criteria for the calculation of the sample size are described. In the third part of the article, a statistical comparison between a real experiment and a numerical simulation is shown to highlight the consequences of the selection of different sample sizes. The risk of drawing mistaken conclusions caused by an inadequate sample size calculation is thus calculated.