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Efficacy of modal curvature damage detection in various pre-damage data assumptions and modal identification techniques

Drozdowska Milena, Szafrański Marek, Szafrańska Anna, Tomaszewska Agnieszka

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2025

Vol. 73, nr 1

art. no. e152217

The efficacy of modal curvature approach for damage localization is discussed in the paper in the context of input data. Three modal identification methods, i.e., Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), Natural Excitation Technique with ERA (NExT-ERA) and Covariance Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-Cov), and four methods of determining baseline data, i.e., real measurement of the undamaged state, analytical function, Finite Element (FE) model and approximation of current experimental mode shape, are considered. Practical conclusions are formulated based on analysis of two cases. The first is a laboratory beam with a notch and the second is a stone-masonry historic lighthouse with modern restoration in its upper part. The analysis shows that NExT-ERA and SSI-Cov in combination with approximation of current mode shape provide high efficacy in damage localization alongside relatively straightforward determination of baseline data. It proves that the construction of advanced FE models of a structure can be replaced with a much simpler method of baseline data acquisition. Furthermore, the research shows the structural mode shapes identified with ERA may not always indicate the presence of damage.

IR radiation method in moisture testing of various types of grains

Szafrańska Anna, Janas Sławomir, Kowalska Małgorzata, Turek Paweł

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2025

Vol. 19, no. 8

413--422

The aim of the research was to compare the possibilities of using various research techniques to determine the moisture content of wheat, barley and corn. The research material consisted of grain samples collected immediately after 2022 harvest from various climatic and cultivation areas located in Poland. Grain moisture content was determined using a grain moisture meter (GAC), NIR analyzer, and moisture analyzer (MA). The grain moisture content varied depending on the type of grain, the research method used and the climatic and cultivation area. Corn grain had the highest moisture content, on average 31.42±6.83%, and the lowest moisture content was found in wheat grain, 12.60±5.05%, and barley grain, 12.81±0.88%. The type of grain, shape, and the share of pericarp-seed coat influenced the differences in moisture results depending on the research technique. It was found that the precision of moisture results, which is a measure of grain moisture diversity, did not depend on the research technique, but on the climatic and cultivation area from which grain samples were taken for testing. The largest differences in moisture results between methods were obtained for corn from region II, when moisture was determined using the GAC grain moisture meter. For wheat and barley, the discrepancies in the accuracy of the analysis amounted to a maximum of 0.33%. It was found that the NIR, GAC and MA methods can be used interchangeably while maintaining appropriate research procedures.