Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Simulation study of the injectior location impact on the combustion process thermodynamic indicators of a spark ignition combustion engine

Sidorowicz M., Pielecha I.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 1

39--50

EN

This article is an introduction to the comprehensive study of the impact of fuel injectors placement for an internal combustion SI engine with direct gasoline injection. Ultimately, the study will focus on the applications for a fuel supply system simultaneously injecting two liquid fuels, which will help identify the qualitative and quantitative phenomena related to fuel injection and combustion in a novel solution. Designing the system correctly requires performing simulator tests for simpler systems – with one injector placed in the combustion chamber. The article presents a study of the change in angular position of the injector as well as a change of its location in the combustion chamber.

PL

Artykuł jest wstępem do kompleksowych badań wpływu umiejscowienia wtryskiwaczy paliwa zasilającego silnik spalinowy o ZI wyposażony w bezpośredni wtrysk benzyny. Docelowo studium skupiać się będzie na wnioskach dotyczących układu zasilającego dwoma różnymi paliwami płynnymi równocześnie, co przyczyni się do zidentyfikowania jakościowego i ilościowego zjawisk związanych z wtryskiem i spalaniem w nowatorskim rozwiązaniu. Poprawne zaprojektowanie układu wymaga przeprowadzenia badań symulacyjnych dotyczących układów prostszych – z jednym wtryskiwaczem umieszczonym w komorze spalania. W artykule zaprezentowano studium obejmujące zmianę kątowego położenia wtryskiwacza oraz jego zmianę położenia w komorze spalania.

2

Modeling and simulation of the thermodynamic operating conditions of the CI engine

Kwiatkowski K., Pielecha I.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 3

59--66

EN

The article presents comparative results of a diesel combustion engine (AVL 5804) along with their simulation analysis. The simulation was performed using the AVL Fire 2017 software. The article focused on the indicated pressure changes in the compression and expansion strokes and on the fuel combustion process. Based on the recorded pressure characteristics in the engine cylinder and its basic construction data, a simulation was performed in which specific initial conditions and models of injection, evaporation and fuel combustion were included. A close resemblance between the test results and the simulation results was observed. The largest discrepancies in the analyzed quantities concerned the pre-flame processes, which means that these issues should inform about the quality of the pressure characteristic and the heat release rate modeling in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono porównawcze wyniki pracy silnika spalinowego o zapłonie samoczynnym (AVL 5804) wraz z ich analizą symulacyjną. Symulację zrealizowano za pomocą oprogramowania AVL Fire 2017. W pracy skupiono się na przebiegu ciśnienia indykowanego w zakresie suwów sprężania i rozprężania oraz na procesie spalania paliwa. Na podstawie zarejestrowanych przebiegów ciśnienia w cylindrze silnika oraz jego podstawowych danych konstrukcyjnych prowadzono symulację, w której zawarto określone warunki początkowe oraz modele: wtrysku, odparowania oraz spalania paliwa. Uzyskano dużą zgodność wyników rzeczywistych z wynikami symulacji. Największe rozbieżności analizowanych wielkości dotyczyły procesów przed płomiennych, co powoduje, że zagadnienia te powinny stanowić o jakości modelowania przebiegu ciśnienia oraz szybkości wywiązywania ciepła w cylindrze silnika spalinowego.

3

Analysis of the use of a hybrid drive system in urban traffic conditions

Pielecha I., Fluder K., Cieślik W.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 3

67--77

EN

The continued reduction of fuel consumption by vehicles leads to an increase in the share of hybrid and electric vehicle drives in the automotive market. There are many approaches, such as to focus only on the introduction of electric vehicles, however, using this type of drive requires additional infrastructure, reconstruction of many systems and has a long charging time, with which consumers are not entirely satisfied. Therefore, one of the leading types of passenger car drives is currently a hybrid drive. It does not require reconstruction of the entire infrastructure, only changes in vehicle drive systems. The costs related to this are relatively small compared to, for example, the construction of a network of new charging stations. Knowing the electric drive operating share in a vehicle with a hybrid system is used as a determinant of the profitability of using electric drives. The article estimated the share of electric and hybrid mode operation in urban traffic conditions. The research object was a Toyota C-HR vehicle equipped with a fourth generation hybrid drive. The analysis of the drive's operation allowed to determine the conditions of energy flow and determine the share of electric mode operation in the total driving time and in relation to the distance travelled.

PL

Ograniczanie zużycia paliwa przez pojazdy prowadzi do zwiększenia udziału napędów hybrydowych i elektrycznych w rynku pojazdów. Istnieje wiele pomysłów, aby skupić się tylko i wyłącznie na wprowadzeniu pojazdów elektrycznych, jednakże ten rodzaj napędu wymaga dodatkowej infrastruktury, przebudowy wielu systemów oraz charakteryzuje się długim czasem ładowania, z czego nie do końca zadowoleni są konsumenci. Dlatego obecnie jednym z wiodących rodzajów napędów pojazdów osobowych jest napęd hybrydowy. Nie wymaga on przebudowy całej infrastruktury, jedynie zmian w układach napędowych pojazdów. Koszty z tym związane są relatywnie małe, w porównaniu do np. do budowy sieci nowych stacji ładowania. Znajomość udziału pracy napędu elektrycznego w pojeździe z układem hybrydowym jest wyznacznikiem opłacalności stosowania napędów elektrycznych. W pracy oszacowano udział pracy trybu elektrycznego i hybrydowego w warunkach ruchu miejskiego. Obiektem badawczym był pojazd marki Toyota C-HR wyposażony w napęd hybrydowy czwartej generacji. Analiza pracy napędu pozwoliła na określenie warunków przepływu energii oraz ustalenie udziału pracy trybu elektrycznego w całkowitym czasie jazdy oraz w odniesieniu do przebytej drogi.

4

Legal conditions in the aspect of pollutant emissions from exhaust systems of rail vehicles engines

Merkisz J., Pielecha I., Andrzejewski M., Daszkiewicz P., Stawecki W.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 1

257--264

EN

One of the main objectives of the European transport policy is to increase the share of alternative modes of transport – revitalization of rail transport, promotion of water transport and development of intermodal transport, which will help to reduce the dominance of road transport. The adverse impact of transport can be felt both in the natural environment and in society, where the dynamic development of this sector has enabled significant civilization development, with the effects varying depending on the level of economic development, the degree of advancement and use of the various transport sectors, geographical location (including climate), and also the sensitivity of the elements of the environment. Considering contemporary transport hazards, it is important to prevent them from occurring, and when that is not possible – limiting their impact on the environment and reducing the scale and extent of negative impacts. The impact of rail transport on the environment and safety is much lower compared to road transport. The impact of rail transport on the environment mainly comes from the emission of noise and vibration, pollution (from diesel locomotives) and land occupation. The article presents information on the current legal conditions regarding the emission of pollutants from rail vehicles. Information with reference to research tests and emission limit values was included. The subject of tests in real traffic conditions was also mentioned as the direction of changes in vehicle homologation tests.

5

Operation of electric hybrid drive systems in varied driving conditions

Pielecha I., Cieślik W., Szałek A.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

16--23

EN

Hybrid vehicles allow an increase in the powertrain efficiency thanks to their design. One such factor is the use of increased voltage supplying electric motors to the voltage supplying the high voltage battery. The battery voltage is increased several times in the inverter (boost) system to increase the final electric power supplied to the electric motor. The article presents the possibilities of using such a voltage boost in urban and non-urban driving conditions. The tests were performed on the latest generations of parallel hybrid drive systems in Lexus NX 300h and Toyota RAV4 hybrid vehicles. It has been shown that the boost system is used in about 30–40% of the urban drive distance (up to 20% of the driving time). The power supply voltage boost of the electric motors of both vehicles is used throughout the entire engine speed range of these machines at high torque values. Research has shown that the maximum voltage gain – approximately three times (up to 650 V) – is within the maximum torque range of the electric motors and allows for doubling the torque generated by the drive.

PL

Pojazdy z napędem hybrydowym dzięki swojej konstrukcji, pozwalają na zwiększenie sprawności układu napędowego. Jednym z takich czynników jest stosowanie zwiększonego napięcia zasilającego silniki elektryczne w stosunku do napięcia zasilającego akumulator wysokonapięciowy. Napięcie akumulatora zostaje zwiększone kilkukrotnie w układzie inwertera (boost) w celu zwiększenia końcowej mocy elektrycznej doprowadzonej do silnika elektrycznego. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania takiego wzmocnienia napięcia w warunkach jazdy miejskiej i pozamiejskiej. W badaniach wykorzystano najnowsze generacje układów napędu hybrydowego równoległego w pojazdach Lexus NX 300h oraz Toyota RAV4 hybrid. Wykazano, że układ wzmocnienia napięcia w warunkach miejskich wykorzystany jest w około 30–40% dystansu (do 20% czasu jazdy). Wzmocnienie napięcia zasilającego maszyny elektryczne obu pojazdów wykorzystane jest w całym zakresie prędkości obrotowej tych maszyn przy dużych wartościach momentu obrotowego. Badania wykazały, że maksymalne wzmocnienie napięcia – około trzykrotne (do wartości 650 V) – występuje w zakresie maksymalnego momentu obrotowego silników elektrycznych i pozwala na ponad 2-krotne zwiększenie generowanego momentu obrotowego układu napędowego.

6

Evaluation of the injectors operational wear process based on optical fuel spray analysis

Pielecha I., Skowron M., Mazanek A.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

83--89

EN

The diagnostics of combustion engine components currently requires the integration of many technical and scientific fields in order to quickly and accurately locate faults or pinpoint the causes of malfunction. This article analyzes the wear of injectors based on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. Using a number of available parameter data, a selection has been made to best judge the wear of injectors in their operating conditions. Optical fuel spray tests were used to assess the injector wear. Various geometric indicators of the fuel stream have been presented, indicating their diagnostic utility and applicability. In conclusion, it was found that the current injection systems require the combination of mechanical injector diagnostics and advanced optical fuel spray diagnostics.

PL

Diagnostyka elementów silnika spalinowego wymaga obecnie integracji wielu dziedzin techniki i nauki w celu szybkiej i trafnej lokalizacji uszkodzenia lub poszukiwania przyczyn niesprawności. Artykuł dotyczy analizy zużycia wtryskiwaczy na podstawie wskaźników geometrycznych strugi rozpylanego paliwa. Na podstawie kilku dostępnych wielkości badawczych dokonano wyboru pozwalającego najlepiej ocenić zużycie wtryskiwaczy w warunkach ich eksploatacji. Do oceny diagnostycznej zużycia wtryskiwaczy wykorzystano badania optyczne rozpylenia paliwa. Przedstawiono różne wskaźniki geometryczne strugi paliwa, wskazując na ich użyteczność diagnostyczną oraz możliwość zastosowania. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że badania obecnych układów wtryskowych wymagają połączenia mechanicznych metod diagnostyki wtryskiwaczy oraz zaawansowanej diagnostyki optycznej rozpylenia paliwa.

7

Assessment of possible use of the ionization signal for the combustion process diagnostics in a spark-ignition combustion engine powered by natural gas

Fiedkiewicz Ł., Pielecha I.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 4

630--637

EN

The ionization signal, which is a result the presence of ions and electrons in the cylinder space of the internal combustion engine, is affected by many factors, including: temperature, pressure, fuel mixture composition, fuel type, presence of exhaust gases and others. The shape of the signal changes to a large extent from cycle to cycle, which indicates the stochastics of the combustion process. Nevertheless, its analysis provides a lot of useful information, such as the location of the maximum pressure or the maximum heat release rate. Using these signals allows supplementing the limited engine control systems of the combustion process in internal combustion engines. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the gas ionization current signal in the cylinder and the variable pressure at fixed operating points of a single-cylinder, four-stroke engine powered by natural gas. The analysis allowed to determine the relationship between the positions of the maximum thermal ionization signal value and of the maximum combustion pressure value. Additionally the relationship between the position of the maximum thermal fraction derivative and the maximum heat release rate was established.

PL

Sygnał jonizacji wynikający z obecności jonów oraz elektronów w przestrzeni cylindra silnika spalinowego jest składową wielu czynników, między innymi: temperatury, ciśnienia, składu mieszanki, rodzaju paliwa, obecności reszty spalin oraz innych. Kształt sygnału zmienia się w znacznym stopniu z cyklu na cykl, co świadczy o stochastyce procesu spalania. Mimo tego, jego analiza dostarcza wielu przydatnych informacji, takich jak położenie maksymalnego ciśnienia czy maksymalnej szybkości wywiązywania się ciepła. Ich wykorzystanie pozwala uzupełnić ograniczone systemy kontroli procesu spalania w silnikach spalinowych. W artykule przedstawiono analizę porównawczą sygnału prądu jonizacji gazów w cylindrze oraz ciśnienia szybkozmiennego przy ustalonych punktach pracy jednocylindrowego, czterosuwowego silnika zasilanego gazem ziemnym. W wyniku analizy uzyskano zależność położenia maksymalnej wartości sygnału jonizacji termicznej od położenia maksymalnej wartości ciśnienia spalania, uzależniono również położenie maksimum pochodnej członu termicznego od położenia maksimum szybkości wywiązywania się ciepła.

8

The use of electric drive in urban driving conditions using a hydrogen powered vehicle - Toyota Mirai

Pielecha I., Cieślik W., Szałek A.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 1

51--58

EN

Vehicles with electric propulsion systems are increasingly more often equipped with solutions that improve their drive system’s efficiency. The latest vehicle model with a fuel cell hybrid system – Toyota Mirai was used in this experiment. The design of this vehicle is similar to that of hybrid vehicles in many aspects. However, new fuel cell technologies are being developed for automotive use, including compressed hydrogen tanks and control systems. The article presents an analysis of a fuel cell operation during vehicle start-up and driving, with particular emphasis on the hydrogen injection strategy of the three fuel injectors used in the fuel cell. The fuel cell interaction with the high-voltage battery has also been characterized. It has been shown that increase in the electrical supply voltage of the vehicle’s electric motor can be observed at high torque values of the electric motor. The maximum voltage gain – approximately three times (up to about 650 V) – allows for double the torque of the drive system compared to the standard value.

9

The injector location impact on the fuel combustion process in a direct gasoline injection system

Sidorowicz M., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 2

19--29

EN

The article contains an analysis of the fuel dose combustion phenomena and exhaust emissions in a direct injection system of an SI engine for variable injector location in the combustion chamber. The research performed is a continuation of the research presented in the article CE-2018-104. The tests were performed using the AVL Fire 2017 simulation environment. 27 injector placement combinations in three planes were analyzed: axial distance from the cylinder axis, injector depth relative to the head and angular position relative to the cylinder axis. An optimal solution was chosen, taking into account the significance of individual indicators. It was shown that the greatest impact in terms of the most advantageous combustion process indicators is the injector setting depth in the combustion chamber cavity, while the distance from the cylinder axis is of secondary importance. The smallest changes in the combustion and emission factors values are seen with the change of the injector placement angle (in the value range used in this study).

10

The impact of injector placement on the dose preparation conditions in a gasoline direct injection system

Sidorowicz M., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 1

35--43

EN

Direct fuel injection requires appropriate conditions for proper ignition of the formed mixture. The proper combustion process is shaped by the direct fuel injection, whose parameters vary. Preparation of the dose requires proper injector placement in the combustion chamber. This article focuses on the issue of the injector specific spatial and angular position in order to implement the injection and atomization of the fuel. The injector's pseudo-optimal location has been presented along with several changed positions. The research was conducted as a simulation experiment using AVL FIRE 2017 software. The best position of the injector was selected based on the fuel spraying and injection process indicators. It has been shown that the spatial position has the most impact and the injector placement angle is of secondary importance.

11

The impact of drive mode of a hybrid drive system on the energy flow indicators in the RDE test

Fluder K., Pielecha I., Cieślik W.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 4

18--25

EN

The drive to reduce fuel consumption of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines leads to an increasing share of hybrid drives used in various means of transport. Such hybrid vehicles, thanks to the use of diesel-electric drive systems, allow for a fuel consumption reduction, and thus to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions. This fuel consumption reduction results from a specifically selected energy flow strategy in hybrid systems. This strategy was the focus of the research performed in order to identify the energy flow conditions in a hybrid drive system in driving conditions corresponding to the RDE test. A Lexus LS 500h vehicle was tested in two drive modes, while determining the related energy flow conditions, including the operating conditions of: electric motors, internal combustion engine and battery. Energy balance was determined taking into account the high voltage battery discharge and charging energy as well as the energy recovered during regenerative braking. It was found that in the RDE test conditions the vehicle is in electric mode for over 30% of the distance and 35% of the drive time, with the energy balance of the vehicle being positive (SOCend > SOCstart). Additionally, it was pointed out that the time spent in the electric mode when driving in urban conditions is about 50% and decreases to about 15% for highway conditions.

12

Optical analysis of the gas flame development in a RCM using a high-power ignition system

Fiedkiewicz Ł., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 2

47--54

EN

The combustion process quality is determined by several factors: the composition of the fuel-air mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug and the discharge conditions on the spark plug. This article assesses a high-power ignition system using optical gas flame propagation analyzes. The tests were carried out in a rapid compression machine, using a fast camera for filming. The spark plug discharge quality assessment was determined indirectly by the flame propagation conditions after the ignition of the mixture (during methane combustion). The size of the flame surface and the rate of its change were assumed as a comparative criterion. It has been found that when using an ignition system with high discharge power the rate of flame development is 14% higher with respect to conventional ignition systems. In addition, the shorter development time of the early flame phase after discharge when using the new ignition system was confirmed. Based on the obtained test results and analyzes, modifications of engine operation settings were indicated, resulting from the use of a high discharge power system.

13

Evaluation of mixture swirl in the cylinder chamber in a conceptual system with combustion surrounded by inactive gases

Cieślik W., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 4

40--47

EN

Internal combustion engines have seen a reduction of the dynamics of their efficiency growth in recent years. All kinds of new modifications and changes introduced in this field can only manage changes of engine efficiency at the level of a fraction of a percent. Considering the concept of unification of SI and CI internal combustion engine structures, one can expect to see their efficiency increase by the reduction of losses, whose causes and occurrence is commonly known. The improvement of the combustion system is mainly related to the reduction of thermal losses generated in this process. Therefore, the current issue is the advanced analysis of any possibilities of improving the combustion conditions and more fully understanding the processes that accompany them. The authors of the article see such a possibility in the conceptual control of the combustion process, which aims to obtain a combustible mixture surrounded by nonflammable gases. This way the flame contact with the cylinder walls is limited, which should in turn contribute to reducing the heat exchange with the walls. This research is a continuation of previous research work; current work focuses on determining the actual distribution of gases in the combustion chamber using the advanced shadow photography method. The article specifies the effect of nonflammable gas injection pressure increase on the area of the boundary layer formed between the non-flammable gases and cylinder walls.

14

Analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles in urban driving conditions

Pielecha I., Cieślik W., Fluder K.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 2

14--18

EN

The pursuit of fuel consumption reduction by vehicles leads to a sudden increase in the share of hybrid and electric drives in the vehicle market. Replacing hybrid vehicles with electric vehicles requires long-term technological solutions, both for the infrastructure and the vehicles themselves. Therefore, one of the leading types of passenger car drives is currently the hybrid drive. The generated work share of electric drives used to power hybrid vehicles is a determinant of the viability of using electric drives. The article estimates the operating time share of electric and hybrid modes operation in real driving conditions (RDC) based on the latest Toyota hybrid model. The research object was a vehicle from the crossover group equipped with a fourth generation hybrid drive. Analysis of the drive's operation allowed to determine the conditions of energy flow and determine the work share of the electric drive in the total driving time.

15

The influence of diesel oil improvers on indices of atomisation and combustion in high-efficiency engines

Pielecha I., Pielecha J., Skowron M., Mazanek A.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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nr 3

99--105

EN

The process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine is determined by factors existing during liquid fuel injection and atomisation. The physicochemical properties of the fuel to a large extent decide upon the quality of this phase of cylinder fuelling. So it is important to ensure appropriate properties of a fuel affecting its atomisation and, as a result, combustion. The paper deals with the topic of diesel oil improvers and the analysis of their influence on atomisation and combustion indices. In the studies base diesel oil and a diesel fuel improved by a package of additives, were used. The process of conventional and improved fuel injection was analysed by using optical examinations. The amount of released heat was evaluated during the studies carried out on combustion. Significant aspects of the applied improvers in relation to fuel injection and its combustion have been indicated.

16

Potencjał ogniw paliwowych ako źródło napędu środków transportu

Markowski J., Pielecha I., Nowacki M., Olejniczak D., Wirkowski P., Dudek M., Raźnik A.

Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

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2017

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Vol. 12, no 1

65--76

PL

Energia pozyskiwana z kopalnych surowców energetycznych związana jest z termicznymi procesami utleniania paliw. Procesy te oprócz generowania energii cieplnej są przyczyną emisji związków szkodliwych spalin do atmosfery: tlenku węgla, dwutlenku węgla, tlenków azotu, węglowodorów i cząstek stałych oraz tlenków siarki. Związki te stanowią istotne zagrożenie dla człowieka i środowiska w którym żyje. W związku z dużym udziałem pozyskania energii z paliw kopalnych w procesach ich spalania, konieczne jest poszukiwanie innych sposobów uzyskania tzw. “czystej energii”. Duży potencjał w tym zakresie mogą mieć ogniwa paliwowe, których rozwój umożliwił próby ich wykorzystania we wszystkich rodzajach środków transportu, a w szczególności w pojazdach drogowych. Istotnym czynnikiem rozwoju ogniw paliwowych jest ich względnie duża sprawność oraz zaostrzenie norm emisji zanieczyszczeń z silników spalinowych stosowanych do napędu środków transportu. Koncepcja ich stosowania jest związana z wieloma problemami eksploatacyjnymi. Z tego względu w artykule podjęto próbę oceny potencjału ogniw paliwowych w zastosowaniu ich jako źródło energii do napędu środków transportu. Dokonano przeglądu rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych ogniw paliwowych oraz możliwości ich wykorzystania.

EN

Energy derived from fossil fuels is associated with thermal oxidation of fuels. In addition to generating heat, these processes produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. These compounds represent a significant threat to man and the environment in which he lives. Due to the large share of fossil fuel energy in the combustion process, it is necessary to seek other means of obtaining the so-called "Clean energy". High potential in this area may be fuel cells whose development has enabled them to attempt to use them in all types of transport means, and in particular in road vehicles. An important factor in the development of fuel cells is their relatively high efficiency and tightening of emission standards from internal combustion engines used to drive vehicles. The concept of their use is related to many operational problems. For this reason, the article attempts to assess the potential of fuel cells as a source of energy for the propulsion of means of transport. A review of the fuel cell system design and its use.

17

The proposal of the calculation algorithm predicting the real vehicle fuel consumption

Pielecha I., Sidorowicz M.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 69, No. 3

63--69

EN

In the present times energy saving is one of the most challenging tasks, faced by the modern society. The automotive industry experiences it to a very high extent, not only because of the obvious facts about consuming fossil fuels (which are limited), but also because it attracts common attention of the society itself. The automotive industry is being forced by the authorities to limit the fuel consumption of the produced vehicles by means of new legislation (RDE measurements, WLTP, progressing limitation of the internal combus-tion engines for driving vehicles, etc.). Although the knowledge about the fuel and energy consumption is very rich, there are still aren’t many representative procedures to predict the fuel consumption of a vehicle. The paper tries to collect the knowledge of the physical laws applied to describe vehicle motion, present commonly available technology (GPS) and simulation calculation methods to develop a tool to accurately predict the real vehicle fuel consumption.

PL

Obecnie oszczędzanie energii jest jednym z największych wyzwań, które stawiane jest nowoczesnemu społeczeństwu. Przemysł motoryzacyjny doświadcza go w wielkim stopniu, nie tylko z powodu oczywistego faktu zużywania paliw kopalnych (których ilości są ograniczone), ale również dlatego, że przyciąga to ogólną uwagę samego społeczeństwa. Przemysł motoryzacyjny jest zmuszany do ograniczania zużycia paliwa z produkowanych pojazdów przez nowe przepisy legislacyjne (pomiary drogowe, postępujące ograniczanie silników spalinowych do napędu pojazdów, itd.). Mimo tego, że wiedza na temat zużycia paliwa i energii jest bardzo bogata, nadal nie ma wielu reprezentatywnych procedur do przewidywania zużycia paliwa przez pojazd. W artykule podjęto próbę opisu ruchu pojazdu z wykorzystaniem dostępnej powszechnie technologii GPS oraz obliczeniowych metod symulacyjnych w celu opracowania narzędzia do poprawnego przewidywania rzeczywistego zużycia paliwa przez pojazd.

18

Influence of the distance between gas injector and intake valve on combustion indicators and NOx emission in dual fuel CI engine

Bueschke W., Wisłocki K., Pielecha I., Skowron M., Cieślik W.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 69, No. 1

5--13

EN

The use of alternative energy sources for internal combustion (IC) engines is being raised. The most promising fuel in such application is natural gas in gaseous state, which mainly consists methane. It is mainly being used as an engine fuel for both monofuel and dual fuel configuration. Many investigations confirmed the benefits of application of dual fuel compression ignition engine fuelled with natural gas. The aim of this paper is analysis of engine operation parameters and emissions for two different locations of gas injector in the inlet duct. The operation parameters and NOx emission from this research are presented and compared for different natural gas shares in total energy delivered to the cylinder with fuel. The parameters are compared to monofuel operated engine.

PL

Użycie alternatywnych źródeł energii w silnikach spalinowych systematycznie rośnie. Za najbardziej obiecujące uważa się paliwa gazowe bogate w metan, które mogą służyć do zasilania silników jedno- i dwupaliwowych. Udział w rynku silników spalinowych o zapłonie samoczynnym jest znaczący, natomiast wiele badań wykazało również szereg zalet takich silników pracujących w konfiguracji dwupaliwowej z CNG. Celem artykułu jest analiza wskaźników pracy i emisji silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym z wtryskiem CNG w dwóch punktach układu dolotowego o różnym oddaleniu wtryskiwacza od zaworu dolotowego. Przedstawiono szereg parametrów pracy oraz emisję NOx zmierzoną przy różnych udziałach paliwa gazowego w całkowitej energii dostarczanej do cylindra wraz z paliwem. Parametry odniesiono do silnika zasilanego wyłącznie olejem napędowym.

19

Use of the gas ionization signal for combustion process diagnostics in the cylinder of a spark ignition engine

Fiedkiewicz Ł., Pielecha I., Wisłocki K.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 4

196--200

EN

The running diagnostics of the combustion process in an internal combustion engine is essential for increasing its efficiency and to improving its performance indicators. The modern diagnostics of this process no longer concerns only measurements of fast-changing thermodynamic variables, but also measurements of other parameters allowing for its evaluation. The use of electrical or optical methods in diagnostics enables the evaluation of local process parameters, such as occurrence of the flame and its temperature distribution. Actually, there are some new methods under investigation which are proposed for this kind of diagnostic. This article focuses on demonstrating the potential for using an electric signal from the gas ionization to estimate the maximum combustion pressure in a cylinder of an SI engine. This is a comparative analysis of the gas ionization current signal in the cylinder and the fast-changing pressure at fixed operating points of a 4-stroke natural gas powered engine. The study was carried out on a one-cylinder 4-stroke SI engine equipped with a cylinder pressure recording system and monitoring of the cylinder ionization current using appropriate measuring systems. The influence of engine operating conditions on the ability to determine cylinder pressure based on the ionization current signal was analyzed. This impact assessment was analyzed statistically and a strong correlation was found between the analyzed signals. The obtained results point in the potential direction of development of this type of measuring system.

20

Optical tests as the basis for formulating mathematical models of the opening delay of CIDI injectors

Skowron M., Wisłocki K., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 4

185--192

EN

The main objective of this research was an attempt to evaluate the delay times of the actual needle opening of the diesel injectors in relation to the time of triggering the current control signals opening the solenoid and piezoelectric high-pressure injectors of diesel engines. The conducted tests take into account the variability of fuel injection pressure and backpressure prevailing in the operational chamber of the engine. To determine accurately the time of actual injection start, the optical tests analysing the image of the injector tip were used. Such high resolution images were obtained by high-speed recording with a frequency of 250 kHz (Dt = 0.004 ms). Based on a comparison of the results obtained, it was found that the maximum delay time of fuel injection for a piezoelectric diesel injector is about 12% shorter than for a solenoid injector. Experimentally obtained results of the injection time delay were used as a basis to formulate mathematical models describing the delay of the real fuel injection in relation to the signal controlling the opening of the diesel injectors. These models take into account the dependence of the injector reaction from the injection pressure and the backpressure in the operational chamber of the engine. The correctness of the obtained models is confirmed by acceptable values of the determination coefficient (for solenoid injector – 0.6, for piezoelectric injector – above 0.8 – for correlation of injection delay and backpressure).