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Heterometaliczne kompleksy metali ziem rzadkich : synteza, badania strukturalne i zastosowania praktyczne w katalizie

Kowaliński Adrian, Petrus Rafał

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2025

[Z] 79, 11-12

1011--1041

Over the past four decades, heterometallic rare-earth metal clusters have garnered significant attention due to their intriguing architectures and diverse applications across catalysis, polymer synthesis, and materials chemistry. Particular emphasis has been placed on heterometallic coordination compounds incorporating transition metal ions (e.g., MnII, MnIII, FeII, FeIII, CoII, NiII, CuII, ReIV, ReV), many of which exhibit single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. Such complexes are regarded as promising molecular materials for high-density data storage and components in spintronic and magnetic refrigeration devices. Additionally, these systems have shown potential as luminescent probes and sensors for environmental monitoring, safety applications, and explosive detection. Heterometallic 3d-4f complexes are also considered viable candidates for photocatalytic energy conversion processes, including water splitting and CO2 photoreduction. Rare-earth ions, characterized by their strong oxophilicity, high Lewis acidity, large coordination numbers, and flexible coordination geometries, demonstrate notable catalytic activity in various organic transformations. These include asymmetric synthesis, CO2 activation, and the polymerization of cyclic monomers. A distinct and growing area of application involves the use of heterometallic rare-earth complexes as molecular precursors for the fabrication of advanced functional materials, such as composites, glasses, and ceramics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural chemistry of heterometallic rare-earth clusters and how it governs their physical properties, reactivity, and catalytic performance.