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EN
The Salt Range Formation in northern Pakistan is globally well-known for its extremely large evaporite deposits dated to the upper Ediacaran-lower Cambrian. This huge evaporite belt formed an area covering present-day parts of India, Pakistan, Iran, Oman, and even South China (~200,000 km2 in South China). Sulphate minerals, including anhydrite and gypsum, can continuously record seawater sulphur isotopic composition. Until now, there was only one dataset reporting the isotopic composition of evaporites in Pakistan. This study reports new data, which points to a strongly positive sulphur isotopic shift (>+30‰, VCDT values) in the Salt Range Formation in Pakistan. Based on the stratigraphic position, similarity in lithology, age, and sulphur isotope data of the evaporitic sequences, it can be inferred that the Neoproterozoic Indo-Pakistan Plate and the Yangtze Platform were closely related palaeogeographically during the terminal Neoproterozoic. This interpretation can improve understanding of the palaeogeographical evolution of the area during the Neoproterozoic, with particular reference to the origin of biogeochemical cycles and the diagenetic evolution of the evaporitic deposits.
EN
Presently, about 160 salt domes of various sizes exist in the Zagros fold-thrust belt in southern Iran. The salt domes constitute a unique proving ground for research on salt tectonics. In the dry climate that currently dominates in Iran, forms of horizontal salt formations are created, referred to as salt glaciers, in addition to typical steeply falling salt domes. Consequently, it is possible to conduct observations of geomorphological processes developing on the surface of exposed salt rocks and keep a continuous record of their tectonic activity. Salts occurring in that area represent the Hormuz (Hormoz) Formation of the Ediacaran period (Late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian). The rocks of the formation usually present a colourful blend of rock salt, anhydrite, black dolomite, shale, and red volcanic tuff, as well as extrusive magmatic and metamorphosed rocks that are interpreted as fragments of deep basement elevated to the land surface by salt domes. The paper describes the geology and geomorphology of the Jashak (Dashti) salt glacier from the Busher Province and two salt domes located on the Persian Gulf Islands: Hormuz (Hormoz Island) and Namakdan (Qeshm Island). The present-day salt dome geomorphology is a result of both climatic effects (precipitation and air temperature) and diapir uplifting forces.
EN
The Wieliczka salt mine, near Kraków in southern Poland, is a world-famous historical and modern destination for both geoscientists and tourists. Despite numerous publications, there is still a lack of consensus on the nature and origin of the large-scale folds as well as whether the small-scale structures represent tectonic or soft-sediment deformation. In this preliminary work, we offer new ideas on both aspects. At the large scale, we emphasize the mechanical stratigraphy of the layered evaporite sequence, which comprises a thin basal weak layer, a thin strong unit, a thicker weak layer, and a thicker strong unit. We suggest that the inclined to recumbent folds and thrusts formed tectonically due to overthrust shear between the basal detachment and the overriding Carpathian frontal thrust, with different structural styles decoupled by the thick weak layer. At the small scale, we suggest that there was early extension directed toward the east to north-east, followed by contraction vergent toward the north. We infer that there was early, syndepositional gravity gliding down a topographic slope dipping into the coeval Gdów depocenter to the east, and that subsequent north-directed Carpathian shortening generated the small-scale contractional structures as the larger folds were developing.
EN
During the Middle Ordovician, the salt deposits of the Majiagou Formation of the Ordos Basin in North China formed, the halite including various genetic types of fluid inclusion. In this study, fit-testing of primary inclusions was performed to reconstruct the physical and chemical conditions during original halite sedimentation. During the post-sedimentation stage, salt was subjected to elevated temperatures (62-70°C) and pressures of tens of megapascals. From these measurements and mathematical calculations, the gas pressure was identified in the primary fluid inclusions, which allowed us to estimate that the brine column thickness in the salt basin was approximately 40 m.
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