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Impact of footwear fitting on foot shape in primary schoolgirls

Puszczałowska-Lizis Ewa, Zarzyczna Paulina, Mikuľáková Wioletta

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 1

119--126

The study aimed to analyze the footwear fitting and its impact on foot construction features in primary schoolgirls. Methods: The study group was comprised of 100 girls aged 9 years. The study relied on the CQ-ST podoscope and the Clevermess device for pertinent measurements. The data were analyzed based on the Mann–Whitney U-test, multiple regression analysis and simple regression. Results: Too short right footwear had 37% of the girls and the left – 38% of the girls, while too long shoes were worn respectively by: 14% of the girls and 15% of the girls. Too wide footwear in relation to the right foot width had 45% of the group and in relation to the left foot: 41% of the group. Too narrow right shoes had 23% of the group and the left – 32% of the group. Statistically significant influence of the excess of outdoor footwear width was found on the Clarke’s angle values ( p = 0.041), the fifth toe setting of the right foot ( p = 0.015) and Wejsflog index of the left foot ( p = 0.036). Conclusions: Most 9-year-old girls wear poorly fitted outdoor footwear. Appropriately selected footwear in terms of the width facilitates the formation of foot architecture, but wearing too wide footwear increases the risk of hollow feet and the varus deformity of the fifth toe.

Temporal and dynamic changes in plantar pressure distribution, as well as in posture during slow walking in flat and high-heel shoes

Jandova Sona, Gajdoš Miloslav, Urbanová Katarína, Mikuľáková Wioletta

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2019

Vol. 21, no. 4

131--138

The aim of the study was to assess the differences in plantar pressure distribution and in posture during slow and very slow walking on the treadmill in flat and high-heeled shoes. Methods: The Pedar-X® (Novel, Munich, Germany) measuring insoles were used to measure the plantar pressure distribution and to assess temporal parameters during walking on the treadmill with the speed v1 = 0.97 ms–1 and v2 = 0.56 ms–1 in flat shoes (FS) and HH. For postural measurement, the SonoSens Monitor Analyzer (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used. Thirty healthy females who only occasionally wear HH volunteered to participate in the study (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). For statistical analysis the ANOVA, and paired t-test were used. Results: Significant differences in walking in HH were detected in temporal and plantar pressure variables, compared to FS. The walking speed influenced the temporal variables, but not the measured dynamic parameters, in either shoes. In the sagittal plane, significant differences in all sections of the spine were identified for v1 and v2. While walking in HH, lordosis at lumbar spine decreased significantly as well as at cervical spine, and kyphosis increased in the thoracic spine. In HH statistically significant differences between the walking speeds were observed particularly in the thoracic spine. Conclusions: Walking in high heels caused a plantar pressure changes and curvature of the spine, and the slowing of walking speed did not prevent these changes.