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1
Content available Microstructural Studies of Ag/TiO2 Thin Film; Effect of Annealing Temperature
Kamrosni Abdul Razak, Dewi Suryani Che Halin, Azliza Azani, Mustafa A.B.A. Mohd, Anuar M.S. Mohd Arif, Norsuria Mahmed, Chobpattana Varistha, Kaczmarek L., Jeż Bartłomiej, Nabiałek Marcin
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2022
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Vol. 67, iss. 1
241--245
EN
Microstructures are an important link between materials processing and performance, and microstructure control is essential for any materials processing route where the microstructure plays a major role in determining the properties. In this work, silverdoped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) thin film was prepared by the sol-gel method through the hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide and silver nitrate solution. The sol was spin coated on ITO glass substrate to get uniform film followed by annealing process for 2 hours. The obtained films were annealed at different annealing temperatures in the range of 300°C-600°C in order to observe the effect on crystalline state, microstructures and optical properties of Ag/TiO2 thin film. The thin films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It is clearly seen, when the annealing temperature increases to 500°C, a peak at 2θ = 25.30° can be seen which refers to the structure of TiO2 tetragonal anatase. The structure of Ag/TiO2 thin film become denser, linked together, porous and uniformly distributed on the surface and displays the highest cut-off wavelength value which is 396 nm with the lowest band gap value, which is 3.10 eV.
2
Content available Theoretical and experimental modal analysis of the cylinder unit filled with PUR foam
Pawlowski W., Kaczmarek L., Louda P.
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
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2016
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Vol. 18, no. 3
428--435
EN
In the paper the dynamic properties of the cylinder unit as a part of the theatre scenography lifting mechanism have been investigated. The noise and vibration problem of the cylinder unit when lifting loads turned out to be the crucial limit in application of the whole mechanism for lifting scenography elements on a theatre stage. The construction of the mechanism was examined and the main source of noise was identified as the cylinder unit. Theoretical modal analysis confirmed that thesis. Experimental modal analyses of the hollow cylinder unit as well as the cylinder with the PUR foam filling were performed. The results showed significant improvement of the dynamic properties due to the vibration amplitude decrease for the first three vibration modes of the filled cylinder. The research method of modal analysis turned out to be highly efficient in dynamic properties determination in the industrial practice. The method of improving the dynamic properties of the mechanical construction by filling closed regions with PUR foam is of a great importance for industrial application and seems to be economically effective.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania dynamicznych właściwości zespołu bębna wciągarki służącej do podnoszenia scenografii teatralnej. Problem nadmiernego hałasu i drgań wciągarki podczas podnoszenia elementów scenografii okazał się istotnym problem użytkowym ograniczającym możliwości zastosowania urządzenia w teatrze. Przeprowadzono analizę konstrukcji mechanizmu wciągarki i wskazano zespół bębna jako źródło nadmiernego hałasu. Tę tezę potwierdzono przeprowadzając teoretyczną analizę modalną zespołu bębna. W części doświadczalnej badań przeprowadzono analizę modalną oryginalnego, pustego zespołu bębna a następnie zespołu wypełnionego pianka poliuretanową. Otrzymano wyniki badań doświadczalnych, na podstawie których dokonano obserwacji, że amplituda pierwszych trzech postaci drgań swobodnych analizowanego zespołu została znacznie obniżona, co skutkuje znaczną redukcją hałasu generowanego przez bęben wypełniony pianką poliuretanową. Analiza modalna okazała się wysoce przydatna w praktyce przemysłowej w celu określania dynamicznych właściwości urządzenia mechanicznego. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań modalnych sformułowano wniosek, że metoda wypełniania zamkniętych obszarów konstrukcji mechanicznych pianką poliuretanową w celu poprawienia właściwości dynamicznych urządzenia może być szeroko wykorzystana w praktyce przemysłowej ze względu na wysoką skuteczność oraz ważny aspekt ekonomiczny w postaci niskiej ceny takiego rozwiązania.
3
Content available The Study of Selected Properties of Ti EB PVD Coating Deposited Onto Inner Tube Surface at Low Temperature
Kottfer D., Ferdinandy M., Kaczmarek L., Trebuňa P., Hvizdoš P.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2016
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Vol. 61, iss. 1
67--74
EN
This study investigates the selected properties of the thin Ti coating applied by activated evaporation EB PVD technique. This technique was used for the deposition of Ti thin coating onto inner surface of OKhN3 MFA steel tubes. Deposition process was carried out at temperature 200°C. Conventional type of coatings - monolayer Ti - was analyzed by standard techniques for surface status and quality assessment - coating thickness, chemical composition by EDX analysis, adhesion, hardness, roughness, and growth direction of columns at room temperature. Ti monolayer achieved roughness Ra equal from 0.42 μm to 0.47 μm. The resulting hardness was from 2 GPa to 8.5 GPa depending on the sample location inside the vacuum chamber. Placing of the coated surface also affected the direction of grain growth of Ti coating columns. The angles α of grain growth were found to be from 40° to 60°. Angle α increased two to three times more than the incidence angle β (from 12° to 28°) of evaporated Ti particles. Values of the adhesion measured along the Ti growth direction were mostly higher (up to 10%) or the same as those measured perpendicular to it.
4
Content available Problems of varistor quality assessment during exploitation
Smulko J., Olesz M., Hasse L., Kaczmarek L., Lentka G.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2012
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Vol. 19, nr 2
395-404
EN
Varistors are commonly used elements which protect power supply networks against high-voltage surges or lightning. Therefore, quality and endurance of these elements is important to avoid losses when an expensive laboratory equipment would not be protected from random overvoltages. Additionally, excessive leakage currents generate serious costs due to high energy consumption. The paper presents shortly properties of varistors that comprized different ZnO grain types and can have various quality which changes continuously during exploitation (due to exposition to overheating and overvoltage pulses). Therefore, it is important to monitor varistors during their ageing (causing changes within their microstructures). A few methods of varistor property diagnosis were considered and compared with the methods currently applied in laboratory or industry applications. A new measurement (diagnostic) system that can monitor varistors during ageing and can be widely applied in power networks is presented. The proposed system fulfills requirements of the industrial customers which demand various methods for power line protection. The proposed system can be simply developed into a more advanced wireless diagnostic system of long power supply lines.
5
Content available remote Integration of heterogeneous web services in exceptional situations
Kaczmarek L.
Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences
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2011
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Vol. 36, No. 3-4
219-228
EN
Web services are intended to enable interoperability between heterogeneous distributed systems. Although the technology has been widely adopted and accepted, there are still differences between runtime platforms in exception structure and handling. This results in difficulties in effective handling of exceptions during Web services invocation. The paper presents a solution that enables coordinated exception handling between different environments, which involves communication between the client and server to exchange exceptional information and invocation of defined handling functions. The functions are supplied by dedicated libraries that extend heterogeneous runtime platforms. Additionally, IDE environments are augmented with facilities for development of Web services exception processing code. An implementation of the solution for IBM WebSphere Application Server and Microsoft Internet Information Server is presented
6
Content available Mikroprocesorowy system sterowania sensorami ze złączem USB
Kaczmarek L., Smulko J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
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2010
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Nr 28
73-76
PL
Zapotrzebowanie na detekcję gazów oraz zapachów wymaga konstruowania tanich urządzeń o coraz lepszej selektywności i czułości pomiarów. W pracy opisano taki układ pomiarowy, w którym zwiększenie selektywności oraz czułości uzyskano przez pomiar zjawisk fluktuacyjnych w rezystancyjnym czujniku gazów. Opisano sposób pomiaru, wybrany układ pomiarowy oraz projekt i realizację systemu mikroprocesorowego sterującego układem. W zakończeniu przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki pomiarów.
EN
There is a huge demand on developing new methods of aroma and gases detection in medicine, military or food industry with high sensitivity and selectivity. For this reason, the new method was developed to recognize odors by analysis power spectrum density of resistance fluctuations within Taguchi gas sensor. Gas mixture concentration around the gas sensor influence resistance of gas sensor. In this paper, we focus on measurement and amplification of very low level noise signal. The microcontroller system which communicates with a personal computer by USB interface was described as well.
7
Content available remote Wpływ falochronów na zapiaszczanie toru wodnego z Zatoki Gdańskiej do planowanego przekopu przez Mierzeję Wiślaną
Kaczmarek L., Biegowski J., Kaczmarek J., Sawczyński Sz.
Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
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2009
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nr 4
262-268
PL
Przedstawienie dyskusji dotyczącej wpływu długości projektowanych falochronów na procesy sedymentacyjne w obrębie drogi wodnej z Zatoki Gdańskiej do planowanego przekopu przez Mierzeję Wiślaną. Analizy dokonano na podstawie metody uwzględniającej zmienność uziarnienia osadów.
EN
Discussion on the impact of designed breakwaters on the sedimentation processes within the approach channel from the Gdansk Bay to planned cross-cut through the Vistula Spit. The analysis was based on the method including the variability of the granular graded sediments.
8
Content available remote Planowany przekop przez Mierzeję Wiślaną - głos w dyskusji
Kaczmarek L., Ostrowski R., Szmytkiewicz M.
Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
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2008
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nr 3
134-136
PL
Ocena wpływu planowanego przekopu Mierzei Wiślanej w miejscowości Skowronki na brzeg morski po obu stronach przekopu. Ocena procesów sedymentacyjnych w obrębie drogi wodnej na odcinku od planowanego przekopu do portu w Elblągu i na torze podejściowym do przekopu od strony Zatoki Gdańskiej. Wyniki badań umożliwiają określenie wpływu planowanego przedsięwzięcia na środowisko naturalne i przeprowadzenie analizy ekonomicznej.
EN
Assessment of the influence of planned cut across the Vistula Spit near the village of Skowronki on both sides of the cut. Assessment of sediment processes along the excavated Elbląg port waterway and the entrance fairway to the cut from Gdańsk Bay. The investigation results determining the impact of planed investment on environment together with economic analysis.
9
Content available remote Gdzie mieszka kozioróg dębosz?
Kaczmarek L., Medyńska-Gulij B.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
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2003
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nr 11
43
10
Content available remote On the boundedness of solutions for system of two-dimensional Volterra integral equations
Hącia L., Kaczmarek L.
Fasciculi Mathematici
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1998
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Nr 28
43-55
EN
The sufficient conditions are given for the boundedness of solutions for a system oftwo-dimensionallinear Volterra integral equations.
11
Content available remote Contact Load Model and Sediment Transport Due to Waves Versus Laboratory Data
Kaczmarek L., Ostrowski R.
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
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1998
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nr 1-4
77-100
EN
A contact load layer model is presented, dealing with the effect of suspended sedi-ment on total sediment transport near the bed. The contact load layer is identified as the transition zone between the outer region (suspension layer) and the bedload layer. First, the physical aspects of momentum transfer arc discussed and the contact layer is defined. Further, following Dcigaard (1993) a new formulation of the skin friction being a combination of turbulence and the collisions between the grains, based on the diffusion concept, is postulated. Making use of the proposed solution procedure, the new system of equations is employed to compute time-dependent sediment con-centration and velocity, wave-period-average concentration and transport rate (net and average in ha^f period), together with the determination of two calibration coef-ficients, basically unknown in Dcigaard's (1993) approach. The bedload model of Kaczmarek ct al. (published simultaneously) provides the boundary conditions for the solution of the contact load layer. The comparisons between the model results and available laboratory data yield satisfactory conformity. Significant discrepancies between the model results and experimental data are found at higher levels above bed. They arc most probably linked to convectivc events in flow reversal.
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