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Odporność nośników tlenu na ścieranie w procesie spalania paliw w tlenkowych pętlach chemicznych

Celińska A., Świątkowski B., Marek E., Pławecka M.

Energetyka

2017

nr 9

584--589

Jedną z możliwych metod ograniczenia emisji dwutlenku węgla jest spalanie paliw kopalnych w tzw. pętli chemicznej (Chemical Looping Combustion – CLC). Jest to proces spalania paliw stałych i gazowych, który charakteryzuje się brakiem bezpośredniego kontaktu paliwa z powietrzem. Nową i unikalną cechą spalania w pętli tlenkowej jest to, że tlen do spalania paliwa jest dostarczany za pomocą stałych nośników tlenu (oxygen carriers). Pomiar ścieralności w praktyce prowadzony jest głównie za pomocą dwóch metod, metody standardowej opisanej w normie ASTM D 5757 oraz metody opracowanej przez Particulate Solid Research, Inc. (PSRI), tzw. metoda jet-cup. Opracowane w Instytucie Energetyki stanowisko do badania ścieralności (zgłoszenie patentowe nr P-419807) ma na celu określenie wpływu oddziaływań mechanicznych i temperatury na odporność na ścieranie materiałów sypkich stosowanych w układach fluidalnych. Stanowisko bardzo dobrze symuluje warunki panujące w rzeczywistych instalacjach fluidalnych i może dodatkowo służyć do badania procesów termicznych, takich jak spalanie lub zgazowanie.

One of the available methods to reduce CO2 emission is combustion of fossile fuels in the process of the so-called Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). It is the process that consists in combustion of solid and gaseous fuels with no direct contact of these fuels with air. A new and unique feature of the CLC process is the fact that the oxygen needed for combustion is delivered with the help of solid oxygen carriers. Carriers attrition measurement is practially carried on with the use of two methods – a typical one described in ASTM D 5757 Standard and the one developed by Particulate Solid Research, Inc. (PSRI) called the jet-cup method. The elaborated in Instytut Energetyki (patent application nr P-419807) testing stand aims to determine the impact of mechanical and temperature influences on attrition resistance of oxygen carriers applied in fluidized bed systems. The stand fully simulates conditions occurring in real fluidized bed systems and may additionally serve to investigate thermal processes such as combustion or gasification.

Case studies investigating single coal particle ignition and combustion

Marek E., Stańczyk K.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

2013

Vol. 12, iss. 3

17--31

Studies focused on single fuel particles are designed to provide direct and unbiased information regarding the combustion process. The resulting data is primarily used to create and/or validate mathematical theories and models of the combustion process. The use of a single coal particle as a research object was first initiated over 40 years ago and nowadays is still one of the most important stages in a number of fundamental coal research techniques. Such experiments are especially important in the context of modern concepts that are now under development for new, sustainable and environmentally neutral coal processing technologies. Article summarizes a broad spectrum of research methodologies, which were created in the recent history of single coal particle studies and motivated by the need to develop knowledge for new, clean coal technologies. The purpose of the experiments presented herein was to find the most comprehensive examination of the processes, where coal particles undergo changes at high temperatures. This objective in the case of coal combustion technology generally boils down to the characterization of particle ignition phenomenon and substages of particle combustion. However, recent data presented by different research groups is still not always in agreement even when describing the same investigated issue. These differences often result from the shortcomings of the study methodology itself, which our article also attempts to highlight and analyze.