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1
Content available remote Nowe możliwości zastosowania kompozytowych wstawek hamulcowych fr 510 typu ll w wagonach towarowych
Bułhak J., Wasilewski P., Krawczyk N.
Pojazdy Szynowe
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2016
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Nr 2
49--59
PL
Artykuł dotyka kwestii redukcji hałasu toczenia emitowanego przez wagon towarowy poprzez zastosowanie kompozytowej wstawki hamulcowej. Przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania kompozytowej wstawki hamulcowej typu LL, nie posiadającej homologacji UIC, w wagonach towarowych poruszających się w transeuropejskim systemie kolei. Publikacja zawiera analizę obecnie obowiązujących w Unii Europejskiej przepisów, regulujących interoperacyjność kolei w zakresie układu hamulcowego oraz przedstawia sposób postępowania umożliwiający zastąpienie wstawek żeliwnych kompozytowymi w istniejącym taborze. W artykule zaprezentowano ponadto wyniki prób stanowiskowych i eksploatacyjnych kompozytowej wstawki hamulcowej FR510 przeprowadzone w Polsce i w Maroku oraz porównanie właściwości tego materiału z wynikami wstawek typu LL, które uzyskały homologację UIC w projekcie EuropeTrain.
EN
The article presents the possibility to apply type LL composite brake shoes, which are not UIC-approved, in freight wagons being in service in trans-European rail system. The publication contains an analysis of the existing European Union law governing the interoperability of the rail system in the scope of the brake system and shows a feasible procedure that allows cast-iron brake shoes to be replaced with composite brake shoes in the existing rolling stock. The article presents the results of bench and field tests of the FR510 composite brake shoe conducted in Poland and Morocco and a comparison of the properties of this material to the results of LL-blocks that were approved in UIC project EuropeTrain.
2
Content available Studies of plasma interactions with tungsten targets in PF-1000U facility
Ladygina M. S., Skladnik-Sadowska E., Zaloga D. R., Sadowski M. J., Kubkowska M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Krawczyk N., Paduch M., Miklaszewski R., Garkusha I. E.
Nukleonika
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2016
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Vol. 61, No. 2
149--153
EN
This paper presents results of experimental studies of tungsten samples of 99.95% purity, which were irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams. The behaviour of tungsten, and particularly its structural change induced by high plasma loads, is of great importance for fusion technology. The reported measurements were performed within a modifi ed PF-1000U plasma-focus facility operated at the IFPiLM in Warsaw, Poland. The working gas was pure deuterium. In order to determine the main plasma parameters and to study the behaviour of impurities at different instants of the plasma discharge, the optical emission spectroscopy was used. The dependence of plasma parameters on the initial charging voltage (16, 19 and 21 kV) was studied. Detailed optical measurements were performed during interactions of a plasma stream with the tungsten samples placed at the z-axis of the facility, at a distance of 6 cm from the electrode outlets. The recorded spectra showed distinct WI and WII spectral lines. Investigation of a target surface morphology, after its irradiation by intense plasma streams, was performed by means of an optical microscope. The observations revealed that some amounts of the electrodes material (mainly copper) were deposited upon the irradiated sample surface. In all the cases, melted zones were observed upon the irradiated target surface, and in experiments performed at the highest charging voltage there were formed some cracks.
3
Content available Comparison of silicon drift detectors made by Amptek and PNDetectors in application to the PHA system for W7-X
Krawczyk N., Kaczmarczyk J., Kubkowska M., Ryć L.
Nukleonika
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2016
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Vol. 61, No. 4
409--412
EN
The paper presents comparison of two silicon drift detectors (SDD), one made by Amptek, USA, and the second one by PNDetector, Germany, which are considered for a soft X-ray diagnostic system for W7-X. The sensitive area of the first one is 7 mm2 × 450 m and the second one is 10 mm2 × 450 m. The first detector is cooled by a double-stage Peltier element, while the second detector is cooled by single-stage Peltier element. Each one is equipped with a field-effect transistor (FET). In the detector from Amptek, the FET is mounted separately, while in the detector from PNDetector, the FET is integrated on the chip. The nominal energy resolution given by the producers of the fi rst and the second one is 136 eV@5.9 keV (at –50°C) and 132 eV@5.9 keV (at –20°C), respectively. Owing to many advantages, the investigated detectors are good candidates for soft X-ray measurements in magnetic confi nement devices. They are suitable for soft X-ray diagnostics, like the pulse height analysis (PHA) system for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, which has been developed and manufactured at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), Warsaw, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP), Greifswald. The diagnostic is important for the measurements of plasma electron temperature, impurities content, and possible suprathermal tails in the spectra. In order to choose the best type of detector, analysis of technical parameters and laboratory tests were done. Detailed studies show that the most suitable detector for the PHA diagnostics is the PNDetector.
4
Content available remote Właściwości sorpcyjne i katalityczne układów Pd-Ag/nośnik w redukcji azotanów(V) w wodzie
Witońska I., Frajtak M., Krawczyk N., Królak A., Karski S.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2008
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T. 87, nr 9
941-946
5
Content available remote Aktywność i selektywność katalizatorów bimetalicznych Pd-M/nośnik w wybranych reakcjach chemicznych
Witońska I., Frajtak M., Krawczyk N., Królak A., Karski S.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2008
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T. 87, nr 1
55-62
6
Kinetic Study of Hydrogenation of Nitrate over Pd-In/Al2O3 Catalysts
Witonska I., Karski S., Krawczyk N.
Polish Journal of Chemistry
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2008
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Vol. 82, nr 1-2
171-178
EN
Liquid-phase reduction using monometallic and bimetallic catalysts (5%Pd/Al2O3, 2%In/Al2O3, 5%Pd-0.5%In/Al2O3, 5%Pd-1%In/Al2O3, 5%Pd-2%In/Al2O3) was studied in a slurry reactor operating under atmospheric pressure. Kinetic measurements were performed for the low concentration of nitrate (0.410–3–3.210–3 mol/dm3) and the temperature range 293–313 K. From the experimental data it was found that the reduction of nitrate is the first order with respect to nitrate. On the basis of the rate constants apparent activation energy was established using a graphic method
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