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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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The Influence of Pretreatment and Post Treatment with Alkaline Activators on the Adsorption Ability of Biochar from Palm Oil Empty Fruit

Windiastuti Elsa, Indrasti Nastiti Siswi, Hasanudin Udin, Bindar Yazid, Suprihatin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 10

242--251

Empty oil palm bunches (EFB) can be converted by hydrothermal carbonation process into biochar that can be used as low-cost adsorbent. This study aims to identify the effects of pretreatment and post-treatment using alkaline activators on the biochar characteristics produced from EFB. The activation process was carried out before and after pyrolysis by heating it using an autoclave at 121 °C for 90 minutes. Biochar was then soaked using NaOH or KOH with a concentration of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% for 3h. The ability of biochar as an adsorbent was analyzed for its ability to absorb iodine and methylene blue. Iodine absorption analysis was carried out using the Titrimetric method, while the methylene blue absorption test was carried out using the Spectrophotometric method. Results of the analysis showed that the absorption capacity of the resulting biochar for iodine ranged from 208.86–616.32 mg/g, and the absorption capacity of biochar for methylene blue ranged from 62.53–81.11 mg/g.

Improving the Quality of Anaerobically-Pretreated Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Electrocoagulation

Sailah Illah, Reyhanto Fathan, Puspaningrum Tyara, Romli Muhammad, Suprihatin Suprihatin, Indrasti Nastiti Siswi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 1

112--124

The palm oil extraction process generates large amounts of effluents with very high concentrations of pollutants, even though they are subjected to anaerobic pretreatment. Further treatment is needed in order to ensure that the effluent is safe for disposal or reuse. This work was conducted to evaluate the performance of an electrocoagulation process in removing pollutants from the anaerobically-pretreated palm oil mill effluent. A 1000 ml beaker glass equipped with a magnetic stirrer was used as an electrocoagulation reactor with four plates of aluminum electrode @ 12×2 cm and an effective area of 0.1 m2 arranged in a bipolar configuration. The experiments run in a batch mode were carried out at various voltage levels and contact times, namely 10, 15, and 20 V for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The level of pollutant removal and electrical energy consumption were determined. The electrocoagulation process at 15 V for 30 min produced the highest level of pollutant removal for TSS, turbidity, color, COD, and BOD5, i.e. 90%, 86%, 93%, 87%, and 97%, respectively. The estimated operating costs for these process conditions are 1.48 USD/m3. A second order empirical model was developed to describe the TSS removal in the POME electrocoagulation process. The electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes can significantly reduce various types of pollutants of anaerobically-pretreated POME, such as TSS, turbidity, color, COD, and BOD5. The estimated cost of EC operation is cheaper than the chemical coagulation process.