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1

Geochemical Anomalies of the Heavy Metals in the Industrial and Urban Agglomeration Soils

Mitryasova Olena, Smyrnov Viktor, Koszelnik Piotr, Salamon Ivan, Smyrnova Svitlana, Mats Andrii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

165--177

EN

The study of the soil cover of urban landscapes of the Mykolaiv industrial-urban agglomeration, which is a complex multifunctional system, was carried out. A sampling strategy was developed and the sources of pollution were analyzed, taking into account the areas of intensive bombing and ammunition explosions. The levels of contamination by heavy metals (Сr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn) at the positions of environmental safety were established, and the danger coefficient Ko and the integral danger index (∑Ko (1+2)) were applied for chemical elements of the I and II danger classes. A geochemical anomaly of military origin was identified with an excess of the maximum permissible levels for the following chemical elements: Hg (57.1) > Сr (20.6) > Ni (9.6) > Cu (9.2) > Zn (5.3) > Pb (1.5).

2

Physicochemical Properties of Marl and Travertine and their Thermally Modified Forms in the Perspective of Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater

Gubernat Sylwia, Masłoń Adam, Czarnota Joanna, Koszelnik Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

56--65

EN

The paper presents physicochemical studies of nine reactive materials for removing phosphorus from wastewater and water. The materials under analysis are raw forms of marl and travertine along with their thermally treated forms at temperatures of 500 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C (travertine), 700 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C (marl) and the commercial material Polonite®. The scope of the research included morphological analysis and elemental composition, specific surface area, pore volume and diameter, losses on ignition and the amount of elements leached from materials. The results of the research allowed assessing the impact of physicochemical properties and thermal modification on the efficiency of phosphorus binding by these materials. All the tested sorbents show the highest calcium content among the elements with the ability to bind phosphorus. The size of the specific surface does not determine the efficiency of phosphorus retention by the tested materials; therefore it is advisable to study the mechanism of its binding. The thermal modification process, along with the increase in the treatment temperature, improves the regularity of marl and travertine structures, which also manifests itself in increasing the efficiency of phosphorus removal.

3

Eco-Friendly Principles on the Extraction of Humic Acids Intensification from Biosubstrates

Malyushevskaya Antonina, Koszelnik Piotr, Yushchishina Anna, Mitryasova Olena, Mats Andrii, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

317--327

EN

It is necessary to find innovative ways to improve the environmental performance of production processes and products. The technology of extracting valuable components from raw materials of plant origin is often used in technological processes of the food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Extraction is the most energy intensive step. The factors contributing to the extraction of humic acids from plant substrates under the action of electric discharge were studied. The purpose of the work was to study the efficiency of humic acids extraction from the biosubstrate under the action of electric discharges. The physical experiment showed that the main factor influencing the intensity of extraction is the degree of grinding of the solid phase of the biosubstrate-water suspension. The efficiency of electric discharge grinding depends on the pressure amplitude at the distance of the inner radius of the chamber and the number of discharge pulses. It was established that the number of chemical reagents (alkalis), usually used in the process of extracting humic acids from peat, can be reduced many times due to the appearance of radicals and peroxide compounds in the peat-water suspension resulting from the action of an electric discharge. The prospects of the non-thermal electric discharge method of intensification of the extraction of humic acids from biosubstrates were determined.

4

Green Approach to Intensify the Extraction Processes of Substances from Plant Materials

Malyushevskaya Antonina, Koszelnik Piotr, Yushchishina Anna, Mitryasova Olena, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

197--204

EN

The principles of sustainable development and green chemistry are priorities in the development of new technologies for the extraction of useful biologically active substances, for example, in the manufacture of medicines. The processes of extracting substances from plant raw materials have many applications. Intensification of such processes, reducing their duration, energy consumption and consumption of the extractant is urgent. The object of the reseach is the green approach to intensify the extraction processes of polysaccharide substances from plant materials. The research methodology was experimental with statistical data processing. In the field of experimental research was the process of the influence of pulsed, alternating and direct current on the intensity of aqueous extraction of polysaccharides from plant materials. The high efficiency of intensification of extraction by a pulsed electric field was studied. The process can reduce the time for obtaining water-soluble polysaccharides by 3 times in comparison with traditional pharmacopoeial convection methods and reduce energy consumption by 20 times. The significance of the pulse current parameters for effective extraction was determined: the referred pulse shape, the frequency of the pulse current for extracting the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides, the pulse duration, and the optimal processing time. The green approach to the use of a moderate electric field of pulsed current to accelerate the extraction of biologically active substances is the basis of the method of intensification of other traditional mass transfer processes for the sustainable development of technology.

5

Ecological, Economic and Practical Aspects of Water Treatment in the Galvanic Industry

Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Koszelnik Piotr, Nester Anatoly, Libus Tetiana, Kalda Galyna, Kida Małgorzata, Pękala Agnieszka

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

212--222

EN

The galvanic industry and the production of printed circuit boards are a significant source of environmental pollution, they pose a threat comparable to the chemical industry. They pollute both the atmosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere. The paper presents an assessment of the negative impact on the environment, galvanic production and the resulting post-production waste. It was proposed to use the technology of regeneration of used treating solutions, in which the recovered metal can be reused as a secondary raw material for the production of copper products. The regenerated solution, on the other hand, can be used to treat integrated circuit boards. As part of the work, with the use of a microscope, the structural characteristics of the metal surface obtained as a result of the applied regeneration process were carried out. The indicator of the total exposure to substances present in the deposit formed during production was determined, both before (0.045) and after the introduction of the new technology (100). The economic analysis of the planned project based on the new technology showed that the implementation of the presented method of wastewater treatment allows for obtaining significant benefits, both financial and environmental. The analyses performed can be a valuable source of information on how to reduce the impact environment during the production of integrated circuit boards, as well as on the possibilities of obtaining less expensive materials in the form of secondary raw materials.

6

Environmental and Geochemical Parameters of Bottom-Sediment from the Southern Bug Estuary

Mitryasova Olena, Koszelnik Piotr, Gruca-Rokosz Renata, Smyrnov Victor, Smyrnova Svitlana, Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Bezsonov Yevhen, Mats Andrii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

244--255

EN

The bottom sediments of river hydroecosystems were studied for the gross content of heavy metals (K, Ti Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Hg). The environmental and geochemical processes of bottom-sediment formation in aqua landscapes were analyzed, allowing us to stress the need to determine the methodological basis for the correlation-regression dependence of the heavy metal accumulation processes in bottom sediments, as well as total content of organic carbon. The ranking of pairwise correlation coefficients arranged in decreasing order is: TOC:Cu (0.87) >TOC:K (0.82) >TOC: Ni (0.75) > TOC:Sr (0.73) > TOC:Fe, (0.7) >TOC:Ti (0.67) > TOC:Hg (0.63) > TOC: Cr (0.58) >TOC:Rb (0.56) > and TOC:Zn (0.51). The proposed methodological approach determines the environmental and geochemical aspects of the sedimentation processes heavy metals, while also identifying the general trends in hydroecosystems prone to the anthropogenic impact.

7

Research of Aggregatic Stability and Bactericidal Activities of Nanosilver Colloidal Solutions

Yushchishina Anna, Pasichnyk Maria, Mitryasova Olena, Koszelnik Piotr, Gruca-Rokosz Renata, Kida Małgorzata

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 1

40--50

EN

The influence of SAS of different chemical nature on aggregate stability and bactericidal action of nano silver colloidal solutions is investigated. Colloidal solutions of silver were obtained by restoring the argentum nitrate agent in a neutral medium. With the help of spectrophotometric method, it has been proved that such solutions are characterized by high aggregate stability compared with the use of other traditional reducing agents. Anionic SAS (sodium dodecylsulfate and sulfanol) and nonionic SAS (OS-20) increase aggregate stability of nano silver solutions, while cationogenic SAS − alcamone promotes rapid coagulation and aggregation of nano silver particles. The study of bactericidal action of the solutions to the E.coli are showed that the nano silve colloidal solution with or without presence of OS-20 and alcamone completely inhibit the growth of colonies of E.coli, that is, it’s have high bactericidal properties.

8

Features of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Bottom Sediments of the Southern Bug Hydroecosystem

Mitryasova Olena, Koszelnik Piotr, Gruca-Rokosz Renata, Smirnov Victor, Smirnova Svitlana, Bezsonov Yevgen, Zdeb Monika, Ziembowicz Sabina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

51--60

EN

The performed studies allowed determining the peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in the sediments, as well as the nature of their distribution in the hydroecosystem Southern Bug (Ukraine). Geochemical anomalies are formed in the zones of influence of industrial and urban agglomerations. Technogenic pollutions of bottom sediments with heavy metals affects the qualitative state of the water environment and can cause cumulative toxicosis on the hydrobiont population in the zones of geochemical anomalies formation, namely in the area of influence of the Nova Odessa and Mykolaiv cities. The mechanism of the cumulative toxicosis emergence is accompanied by chronic effects of low concentrations on hydrobionts with an excess of permissible fluctuations on a regional background, which ultimately contributes to the development of intoxication.

9

Aspects of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions Practical Use

Ptashnyk Vadym, Bordun Ihor, Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Koszelnik Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

222--231

EN

This article analyzes the issue of developing ecologically safe technologies for obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions for ensuring the rational use of water resources and reducing the volume of discharges of harmful substances into the environment. The necessity of controlling the depth of electrochemical activation for obtaining ecologically safe industrial water solutions and reducing the energy consumption of this process was substantiated. The ecological advantages of electrochemically activated solutions application were presented as compared to the chemical solutions in the technologies of activated carbon surfaces modification to increase the supercapacitors electrode specific capacitance, preparation of the gypsum plaster mixing water to improve the physicochemical properties of gypsum stone, as well as efficiency of use of disinfectant based on the electrochemically activated water solutions solutions, approbated in the sugar production industry. It was experimentally confirmed that the depth of electrochemical activation significantly affects the efficiency of practical use of activated water solutions. The proposed theoretical models allow prediction of the activation modes for solving specific problems.

10

Effectiveness of wastewater post-treatment in filter columns with the use of mineral materials

Gubernat Sylwia, Czarnota Joanna, Masłoń Adam, Koszelnik Piotr

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2020

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Vol. 37, No. 67

47--58

EN

Based on the assumptions of the circular economy model and sustainable development, we are currently looking for natural and ecological materials in terms of wastewater treatment of pollutants. This article presents the research of three mineral materials - lava rock (LR), lightweight sintered aggregate (LSA) and lightweight clay aggregates (LCA) used as filling of filtration columns for the treatment of real wastewater. The filtration process was carried out under various hydraulic loads in two columns, one of which was additionally supported by the aeration process. The post-treated sewage was characterized by the following parameters: COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon), phosphate phosphorus (P-PO4 ), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Among the hydraulic loads applied, the most optimal loads were OhI = 0.25 m3/(m2·h). Certyd turned out to be the most effective with supporting filtration with the aeration process in removing organic compounds (reduction of 65.1% COD and 38.2% TOC at OhI ). Lava rock seems to be a promising material reactive in terms of removal of biogenic compounds such as nitrogen (efficiency 23.8% at OhI ) and phosphorus (64.2% reduction of TP at OhI ) and organic compounds (21.4% reduction of TOC at OhI in conditions without aeration). LCA shows the best efficiency in sorption of phosphorus compounds (41.6% reduction of TP at OhI ) and organic compounds (21.4% TOC reduction at OhI under non-aerated conditions).

11

Ocena jakości wód rzeki Wisłok zanieczyszczonej wielopierścieniowymi węglowodorami aromatycznymi

Gubernat Sylwia, Koszelnik Piotr

Technologia Wody

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2019

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Nr 1 (63)

4--9

PL

Celem pracy była ocena jakości wód rzeki Wisłok ze względu na zawartość wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych w latach 2013-2017. W artykule przybliżono pojęcie WWA i sposoby oceny jakości wód w świetle aktualnych norm prawnych. Zaprezentowano charakterystykę zlewni rzeki Wisłok wraz z analizowanymi punktami pomiarowo-kontrolnymi. Przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości WWA w tych punktach, na podstawie których określono poziom zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych. Zidentyfikowano przekroczenia dopuszczalnych norm środowiskowych dotyczących zawartości WWA w analizowanych przekrojach rzeki Wisłok, co wskazuje na klasyfikację stanu weryfikowanych jednolitych części wód powierzchniowych jako stan zły, natomiast stanu chemicznego jako stan poniżej dobrego. Wykazane przekroczenia stanowią zagrożenie niespełnienia celów środowiskowych dla analizowanych jednolitych części wód powierzchniowych.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of waters the Wisłok river due to contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 2013-2017. The article presents PAHs and ways to assess water quality in the light of current legal standards. The catchment area of the Wisłok river were presented with the analyzed control points. The contamination and classification of surface waters were determined based on the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in Wisłok river waters. The general state of verified surface water bodies is bad and the chemical state is below good, beacuse the permissible environmental standards of PAHs in the analyzed points of the Wisłok River were exceeded. The results indicate the risk of failure to fulfil environmental goals for analyzed surface water bodies.

12

Environmental Monitoring of Soils of Post-Industrial Mining Areas

Pohrebennyk Volodymyr, Koszelnik Piotr, Mitryasova Olena, Dzhumelia Elvira, Zdeb Monika

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 9

53--61

EN

The ecological situation in most mining regions of Ukraine is critical, and the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises, mines and cuts creates the environmental problems associated with significant changes in the geological and hydrological environment. The purpose of the work is the environmental monitoring of heavy metals in the soils in the territory of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) "Sirka" at the stage of liquidation.The object of the study involves the heavy metals in soils in the territory of Rozdil SMCE "Sirka". The subject of the study is to evaluate the content of heavy metals and migration aspects in soils. In this work, the parameters of soil pollution with heavy metals were determined experimentally. On the example of Rozdil SMCE "Sirka", the main problems of the monitoring system of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation were proven. The influence of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of environmental pollution (soil, water environment, and waste management status) was also assessed. The ecological balance of the territory is violated due to the fact that the elimination of negative technical manifestations of the enterprise activity was considered unprofitable for a long time. The development of monitoring techniques for man-made landscapes, along with the development of methods for diagnosing the specifics of their functioning and technologies for reclamation, is an integral part of multidisciplinary research on environmental imbalances, which is caused by the transformation of natural landscapes into man-made. The necessity of developing the information-analytical system for the monitoring of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) "Sirka" territory at the stage of liquidation was substantiated. It was established that the monitoring of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation will allow increasing the level of environmental safety of the territory of the enterprise and the surrounding settlements. Monitoring is one of the main stages of the liquidation and reclamation process and should be carried out at all stages of liquidation. In addition to the monitoring system in the process of liquidation and in the post-reclamation period, the liquidation project should include an environmental analysis of the enterprise activities and environmental forecasting.

13

Metody usuwania trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych z osadów dennych

Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Koszelnik Piotr

Instal

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2019

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nr 6

49--55

PL

Praca zawiera przegląd literatury na temat metod usuwania zanieczyszczeń organicznych z wydobytych osadów dennych. Wśród tych technologii wyróżnia się metody fizyczne, chemiczne, termiczne, biologiczne oraz łączone. Do oczyszczania wydobytych osadów dennych najczęściej stosuje się metody biologiczne. Wymagają one jednak długiego czasu prowadzenia procesu i często toksyczność usuwanych substancji oraz ich ubocznych produktów rozkładu przyczynia się do zahamowania biodegradacji. W tym celu należy poszukiwać nowych, lepszych rozwiązań. W ostatnich latach coraz bardziej popularne są procesy z wykorzystaniem pola ultradźwiękowego oraz odczynnika Fentona, które wpisują się w zasady zielonej chemii. Ponadto metody te można prowadzić w układach łączonych, które zazwyczaj pozwalają na uzyskanie wyższego stopnia degradacji zanieczyszczeń organicznych w porównaniu z procesami pojedynczymi.

EN

The work contains a review of the literature on the methods of removing organic pollutants from dredged bottom sediments. These technologies include physical, chemical, thermal, biological and combined methods. The biological methods are most often used for the treatment of dredged bottom sediments. However, they require a long process time and often the toxicity of the removed substances and their by-products of decomposition contributes to the inhibition of biodegradation. For this purpose, new and better solutions are sought. In recent years, processes using the ultrasonic field and the Fenton reagent, which are part of the principles of green chemistry, are becoming more and more popular. In addition, these methods can be carried out in combined systems, which usually allow a higher degree of degradation of organic contaminants compared to single processes.

14

Osady denne - rola i znaczenie w środowisku

Kida Małgorzata, Ziembowicz Sabina, Koszelnik Piotr

Gospodarka Wodna

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2019

|

Nr 10

13--20

PL

Gromadzenie się nadmiernej ilości osadów dennych w rzekach i zbiornikach wodnych powoduje zmniejszenie ich pojemności i głębokości oraz wpływa niekorzystnie na walory użytkowe zbiorników. Nagromadzone osady powodują zmętnienie wód, są miejscem depozycji zanieczyszczeń oraz mają negatywny wpływ na jakość wody. W związku z tym, szczególnie w przypadku płytkich zbiorników małej retencji konieczne jest okresowe usuwanie osadów, czyli bagrowanie. Pozyskane po tym zabiegu osady muszą zostać odpowiednio zagospodarowane bądź unieszkodliwione w zależności od ich składu chemicznego, aby nie stanowiły zagrożenia dla środowiska i organizmów żywych.

EN

The accumulation of excessive amounts of bottom sediments in rivers and water reservoirs reduces their capacity and depth and adversely affects usable properties of reservoirs. Accumulated sediments cause water turbidity, are a source of pollution and have a negative impact on the quality of water. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically remove deposits, i.e. dredging. Bottom sediments obtained after the dredging process must be properly disposed of or management of so that they do not pose a threat to the environment and living organisms.