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Identifying and understanding novel ecosystem functions : a scientific approach to nature restoration law

Hutniczak Agnieszka K., Bryś Wojciech, Dychkovskyi Roman, Gaj Renata, Dyczko Artur, Błońska Agnieszka, Bierza Karolina, Bacler-Żbikowska Barbara, Woźniak Gabriela

Journal of Water and Land Development

2025

no. 64

203--210

Human activity causes changes in habitat conditions. Where habitat conditions have been significantly altered by human activities, novel ecosystems emerge. This paper aims to analyse novel ecosystem parameters, particularly in relation to biodiversity and restoration law. It presents the role of novel ecosystems in ecosystem functioning and their significance within urban-industrial landscapes. Based on extensive literature reviews, that these ecosystems have been a subject of scientific interest for many years. However, comprehensive knowledge of these ecosystems still needs to be broadened. An interdisciplinary approach to their management is essential. The European Union (EU) has implemented various legislative and policy measures aimed at restoring and conserving natural ecosystems and biodiversity across different members states. Key initiatives include the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, EU Habitats Directive, and EU Funding Programs, all of which promote sustainable development and strengthen restoration laws. Only a proper identification and understanding of novel ecosystems and their ecological processes can contribute to implementing relevant legal actions. In the urban industry landscape, the poor mineral post-mining habitat sites have the unique potential to harbor and develop biodiversity hot spots in densely populated areas. Many of these sites with very harsh habitat conditions that have been left to spontaneous processes going on have become protected sites with outstanding biodiversity established (e.g., Bytom city). Such examples in Silesia (S Poland) provide proof that such solutions should be a constant element of the post-mining site management plans.

Modelling ecosystem services : a tool for assessing novel ecosystems functioning in the urban-industrial landscape

Woźniak Gabriela, Bryś Wojciech, Dychkovskyi Roman, Dyczko Artur, Nowak Teresa, Piekarska-Stachowiak Anna, Trząski Leszek, Molenda Tadeusz, Hutniczak Agnieszka

Journal of Water and Land Development

2024

no. 63

168--175

The necessary ecosystem services can be effectively provided through the diverse functioning and processes of ecosystems. Apart from services provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems, the study on ecosystem development on mineral habitats, established as by-products of mining activity, have revealed surprising results. Unrecognised yet crucial ecosystem services can be provided by novel ecosystems that develop spontaneously on mineral sites created due to human activities, such as mineral mining. These mineral habitats and the ecosystems established de novo provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Modelling ecosystem functioning can simulate and predict the effects of interventions on ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems. This approach supports adaptive management strategies that maximise desired services while minimising negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Understanding the functioning of novel ecosystems and their ecosystem services is crucial for enhancing resilience, promoting restoration efforts, and implementing sustainable land-use practices. Recognising the importance of ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes can foster public support for conservation initiatives and promote collaboration among diverse stakeholders. This approach is particularly important given that many activities related to the re-development of post-industrial areas, especially post-mining regions, have fallen short of achieving their objectives. The essential role of ecosystem services provided by natural, semi-natural, and novel ecosystems highlights the importance of the ecosystem functioning modelling approaches. Such approaches are needed to understand and quantify these services in the context of adhering to sustainable development principles during urban development.