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2 Acta Geophysica

2 2019

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Analysis of heterogeneity of aridity index periodicity over Lebanon

Telesca Luciano, Shaban Amin, Awad Mohamad

Acta Geophysica

2019

Vol. 67, no. 1

167--176

Lebanon, with its geographic location facing the Mediterranean Sea and dominant rugged topography, is characterized by a strong climatic variability even between zones located few kilometres apart. The investigation of the climatic indices is necessary to delineate such diverse climatic situation over Lebanon. In this context, this paper investigates the periodic behaviour in annual Emberger aridity index (AIE) of 14 weather stations in representative sites of Lebanon. The AIE indicates that the dominant climate of Lebanon, which is mainly varying from humid to semi-arid, follows cyclonic meteorological patterns. The periodicities of AIE identified by using a robust technique seem almost altitude related and range between 2 and 21 years. The geographic distribution of periodicities implies two major zones in the northern and southern parts of Lebanon, being featured by longer and shorter periodicities, respectively. The formation of these two periodicity zones can be related to regional climatic zoning. The remarkable diversity in periodicity indicates predominant microclimates with specified cyclonic climate that characterizes Lebanon’s climate rather than a merely existence of climate change.

A 32 year aridity analysis: a tool for better understanding on water resources management in Lebanon

Shaban Amin, Awad Mohamad, Ghandour Ali J., Telesca Luciano

Acta Geophysica

2019

Vol. 67, no. 4

1179--1189

Water scarcity has been well pronounced in the Middle East Region; however, Lebanon is still characterized by wet climate and sufcient water resources. It is a paradox that Lebanon is now under water stress, and many contradictory studies on the climate of Lebanon attributed water stress to the changing climate. Most of these studies were applied with incomplete climatic data records. Therefore, all management approaches were implemented after considering climate as a major infuencer on water resources. In this study, the Emberger Aridity Index (EAi) was employed to investigate the climate regime of Lebanon over more than 30 years focusing on ten representative meteorological stations where comprehensive climatic records were analysed and supported by remotely sensed data. The EAi indicates that Lebanon is still characterized by humid climate, which conficts with the concept of drought existence. Thus, 47% of the Lebanese territory is characterized by humid to sub-humid climate and 29% by semi-arid climate according to Emberger classifcation. This obviously shows that even the climate impact has a role on water scarcity, but it is not the principal infuencer. The results of this study help applying new approaches for water management where the negative human interference should be accounted. It guides stakeholder and decision-maker to follow appropriate water and agricultural policies and strategies for better sustainable development.